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Internal Migration in the United States: A Comparative Assessment of the Utility of the Consumer Credit Panel

Author

Listed:
  • Jack DeWaard
  • Janna Johnson
  • Stephan D. Whitaker

Abstract

This paper demonstrates that credit bureau data, such as the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Consumer Credit Panel/Equifax (CCP), can be used to study internal migration in the United States. It is comparable to, and in some ways superior to, the standard data used to study migration, including the American Community Survey (ACS), the Current Population Survey (CPS), and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) county-to-county migration data. CCP-based estimates of migration intensity, connectivity, and spatial focusing are similar to estimates derived from the ACS, CPS, and IRS data. The CCP can measure block-to-block migration and it is available at quarterly rather than annual frequencies. Migrants? precise origins are not available in public versions of the ACS, CPS, or IRS data. We report measures of migration from the CCP data at finer geographies and time intervals. Finally, we disaggregate migration flows into first-, second-, and higher-order moves. Individual-level panels in the CCP make this possible, giving the CCP an additional advantage over the ACS, CPS, or publicly available IRS data.

Suggested Citation

  • Jack DeWaard & Janna Johnson & Stephan D. Whitaker, 2018. "Internal Migration in the United States: A Comparative Assessment of the Utility of the Consumer Credit Panel," Working Papers (Old Series) 1804, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedcwp:1804
    DOI: 10.26509/frbc-wp-201804
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Aude Bernard & Alina Pelikh, 2019. "Distinguishing tempo and ageing effects in migration," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 40(44), pages 1291-1322.
    2. Ben Klemens, 2022. "An analysis of US domestic migration via subset-stable measures of administrative data," Journal of Computational Social Science, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 351-382, May.
    3. Jason Brown & Colton Tousey, 2021. "How the Pandemic Influenced Trends in Domestic Migration across U.S. Urban Areas," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, vol. 106(no. 4), November.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Migration measurement; Credit history; Credit report; Gini index; Crude migration probability; Index of migration connectivity; Migration progression ratio;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C55 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis
    • C81 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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