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Balance hídrico actual y futuro en las cuencas en España, déficits estructurales e implicaciones socioeconómicas

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  • Manuel Pulido Velázquez
  • Alvar Escriva-Bou
  • Héctor Macián Sorribes

Abstract

España es un país de contrates geográficos y climáticos, y con una realidad socioeconómica compleja. Estas circunstancias ocasionan importantes variaciones en el recurso hídrico disponible, en su demanda y en el peso que las actividades dependientes del agua tienen en la economía. La distribución de los recursos hídricos en España presenta una asimetría muy marcada entre su zona norte (Galicia y la cornisa cantábrica) y el resto del territorio peninsular. Además, mejores condiciones hidroclimáticas para la agricultura en el arco mediterráneo hacen que la distribución del uso de agua sea casi inversa a la de recursos. Esto general un estrés hídrico significativo en gran parte del sudeste peninsular, llegando a niveles de sobreexplotación en algunas regiones, poniendo en tela de juicio su sostenibilidad a largo plazo. Esta sostenibilidad es, sin embargo, crucial para dichas zonas por la importancia que tienen la agricultura y el turismo en sus economías, y por los puestos de trabajo vinculados directa o indirectamente a estas actividades. Las proyecciones de cambio climático para la España peninsular muestran un agravamiento de estos problemas ya que, salvo en su zona norte, se observan descensos apreciables en los recursos hídricos disponibles, pudiendo llegar a niveles en los que buena parte del territorio se hallara en situación de sobreexplotación. Es necesario por tanto diseñar políticas de asignación y gestión eficiente que permitan anticiparse a esta situación, garantizando la sostenibilidad socio-económica de las regiones más vulnerables frente a la escasez hídrica.

Suggested Citation

  • Manuel Pulido Velázquez & Alvar Escriva-Bou & Héctor Macián Sorribes, 2020. "Balance hídrico actual y futuro en las cuencas en España, déficits estructurales e implicaciones socioeconómicas," Studies on the Spanish Economy eee2020-38, FEDEA.
    • Handle: RePEc:fda:fdaeee:eee2020-38
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. E. Cabrera & M. Pardo & E. Cabrera & F. Arregui, 2013. "Tap Water Costs and Service Sustainability, a Close Relationship," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(1), pages 239-253, January.
    2. Laurent Hardy & Alberto Garrido & Luis Juana, 2012. "Evaluation of Spain's Water-Energy Nexus," International Journal of Water Resources Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(1), pages 151-170.
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    Cited by:

    1. Beatriz Lama-Pedrosa & Álvaro Sordo-Ward & Paola Bianucci & Luis Garrote, 2023. "Sustainability of Duero Water Systems for Crop Production in Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-22, December.

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