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Evaluation of Spain's Water-Energy Nexus

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  • Laurent Hardy
  • Alberto Garrido
  • Luis Juana

Abstract

This paper explores the water-energy nexus of Spain and offers calculations for both the energy used in the water sector and the water required to run the energy sector. The article takes a prospective approach, offering evaluations of policy objectives for biofuels and expected renewable energy sources. Approximately 5.8% of total electricity demand in Spain is due to the water sector. Irrigated agriculture is one of the Spanish water sectors that show the largest growth in energy requirements. Searches for more efficient modes of farm water use, urban waste water treatment, and the use of desalinated water must henceforth include the energy component. Furthermore, biofuel production, to the levels targeted for 2020, would have an unbearable impact on the already stressed water resources in Spain. However, growing usage of renewable energy sources is not threatened by water scarcity, but legislative measures in water allocation and water markets will be required to meet the requirements of using these sources. Some of these measures, which are pushed by regional governments, are discussed in concluding sections.

Suggested Citation

  • Laurent Hardy & Alberto Garrido & Luis Juana, 2012. "Evaluation of Spain's Water-Energy Nexus," International Journal of Water Resources Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(1), pages 151-170.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:cijwxx:v:28:y:2012:i:1:p:151-170
    DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2012.642240
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    Cited by:

    1. Meireles, I. & Sousa, V. & Bleys, B. & Poncelet, B., 2022. "Domestic hot water consumption pattern: Relation with total water consumption and air temperature," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    2. Manuel Pulido Velázquez & Alvar Escriva-Bou & Héctor Macián Sorribes, 2020. "Balance hídrico actual y futuro en las cuencas en España, déficits estructurales e implicaciones socioeconómicas," Studies on the Spanish Economy eee2020-38, FEDEA.
    3. Miguel Ángel Pardo & Ricardo Cobacho & Luis Bañón, 2020. "Standalone Photovoltaic Direct Pumping in Urban Water Pressurized Networks with Energy Storage in Tanks or Batteries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-20, January.
    4. Cano-Rodríguez, Sara & Rubio-Varas, Mar & Sesma-Martín, Diego, 2022. "At the crossroad between green and thirsty: Carbon emissions and water consumption of Spanish thermoelectricity generation, 1969–2019," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    5. Espinosa-Tasón, Jaime & Berbel, Julio & Gutiérrez-Martín, Carlos, 2020. "Energized water: Evolution of water-energy nexus in the Spanish irrigated agriculture, 1950–2017," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    6. David Font Vivanco & Ranran Wang & Sebastiaan Deetman & Edgar Hertwich, 2019. "Unraveling the Nexus: Exploring the Pathways to Combined Resource Use," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 23(1), pages 241-252, February.
    7. Jeremiah Ejemeyovwi & Queen Adiat & Edikan Ekong, 2019. "Energy Usage, Internet Usage and Human Development in Selected Western African Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(5), pages 316-321.
    8. Li, Xian & Yang, Lili & Zheng, Heran & Shan, Yuli & Zhang, Zongyong & Song, Malin & Cai, Bofeng & Guan, Dabo, 2019. "City-level water-energy nexus in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 827-834.

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