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Start-ups Defined as Portfolios of Embedded Options

Author

Listed:
  • Pascal BOTTERON

    (Institute of Banking and Finance, HEC-University of Lausanne and Ernst & Young Ltd.)

  • Jean-François CASANOVA

    (Strategic Risk Management)

Abstract

In this paper we show the advantages of staged investments for venture capitalists. We develop an option-pricing model that enables to evaluate the flexibility acquired by a venture capitalist when he stages his investment process. Instead of investing a fixed amount at the beginning of the investment, the venture capitalist proceeds to a staged investment (one first investment and a second investment). The second investment will be triggered by a successful achievement of the first investment. Should the first investment be unsuccessful, the second investment will not be executed. Staging the investment in two phases enables the investor to reduce its uncertainty at the beginning of the project. As it will be demonstrated in the paper, the decision to proceed to the second investment can be modelled as a portfolio of a call option and a binary option.

Suggested Citation

  • Pascal BOTTERON & Jean-François CASANOVA, 2003. "Start-ups Defined as Portfolios of Embedded Options," FAME Research Paper Series rp85, International Center for Financial Asset Management and Engineering.
    • Handle: RePEc:fam:rpseri:rp85
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    File URL: http://www.swissfinanceinstitute.ch/rp85.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Avinash K. Dixit & Robert S. Pindyck, 1994. "Investment under Uncertainty," Economics Books, Princeton University Press, edition 1, number 5474.
    2. Robert McDonald & Daniel Siegel, 1986. "The Value of Waiting to Invest," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 101(4), pages 707-727.
    3. Henri LOUBERGÉ, & Harris SCHLESINGER, 2001. "Coping with Credit Risk," FAME Research Paper Series rp36, International Center for Financial Asset Management and Engineering.
    4. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    5. Henri Loubergé & Harris Schlesinger, 2005. "Coping with credit risk," Journal of Risk Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 6(2), pages 118-134, April.
    6. James L. Paddock & Daniel R. Siegel & James L. Smith, 1988. "Option Valuation of Claims on Real Assets: The Case of Offshore Petroleum Leases," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 103(3), pages 479-508.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    real options; staged investments; structured products; embedded options;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • M13 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - New Firms; Startups

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