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Les zones urbaines sensibles en Ile-de-France : Typologie des tensions territoriales

Author

Listed:
  • Yannick L’Horty

    (Université d’Evry-Val d’Essonne, EPEE, CEE et TEPP (FR CNRS n°3126))

  • Florent Sari

    (CEE, Université Paris-Est (OEP) et TEPP (FR CNRS n°3126))

Abstract

Si les 157 Zones Urbaines Sensibles de l’Ile-de-France ont dans l’ensemble une exposition au chômage beaucoup plus marquée que les autres territoires, elles sont dans des situations souvent très contrastées. Pour rendre compte de ces disparités, nous proposons une typologie des ZUS francilienne à l’aide d’une analyse des données mobilisant des indicateurs locaux des déterminants du chômage calculés avec les fichiers des DEFM de l’ANPE et des DADS de l’INSEE. Nous nous appuyons sur la littérature en économie urbaine et spatiale qui distingue l’inadéquation entre la structure des qualifications offertes et demandées localement (skill mismatch), les problèmes de distance physique aux emplois, compte tenu des infrastructures de transport (spatial mismatch), les effets de composition dans la population locale qui peuvent être amplifiés par des effets de ségrégation résidentielle, ou encore des effets de discrimination territoriale. On distingue in fine 4 groupes homogènes de ZUS : les ZUS parisiennes, particulièrement bien composées et bénéficiant d’un accès privilégié aux emplois ; des ZUS de la Petite Couronne dont la composition est moins homogène mais qui bénéficient aussi d’un bon accès aux opportunités d’emplois ; des ZUS dont la composition est favorable mais qui sont éloignées de l’emploi ; des ZUS qui sont à la fois pénalisées par leur composition et leur distance à l’emploi. Notre analyse illustre les lacunes dans la définition des quartiers « prioritaires » par le Pacte de relance pour la ville. De nombreuses ZUS avec une situation très défavorable du marché du travail ne sont pas classées comme prioritaires (c’est-à-dire classées ZRU ou ZFU) alors qu’elles le devraient. Inversement, il apparait que certaines ZFU ou ZRU n’ont pas lieu de l’être. La lecture de ces résultats plaide pour une redéfinition des périmètres des « quartiers prioritaires ».

Suggested Citation

  • Yannick L’Horty & Florent Sari, 2008. "Les zones urbaines sensibles en Ile-de-France : Typologie des tensions territoriales," Documents de recherche 08-10, Centre d'Études des Politiques Économiques (EPEE), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne.
    • Handle: RePEc:eve:wpaper:08-10
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Calvo-Armengol, Antoni & Zenou, Yves, 2005. "Job matching, social network and word-of-mouth communication," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(3), pages 500-522, May.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    ZUS; politique de la ville; skill mismatch; spatial mismatch;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
    • R58 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Regional Development Planning and Policy

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