IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/etd/wpaper/019.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Ethiopia’s export promotion and the misalignment of the tariff and exchange rate regimes

Author

Listed:
  • Mulu Gebreyesus

    (Ethiopian Development Research Institute)

  • Alekaw Kebede

    (Ethiopian Development Research Institute)

Abstract

By examining how much aligned the tariff and exchange rate regimes are with the export promotion in Ethiopia, this study tries to shed some light on why the export performance of the country and particularly that of manufacturing sector remained poor despite continued government promotion and support. Toward this it quantifies the extent of effective protection and defacto anti-export bias generated by the existing tariff and foreign exchange rate regimes. The disaggregated (approximately 2-digit) industry level estimates of the NRP, ERP and anti-export bias in the manufacturing sector show wide difference among industries. With about 35% nominal duty rate, the export oriented sectors such as Textiles, Apparels, Leathers, Footwear industries are the most protected ones within the manufacturing sector. The anti-export bias estimates suggest that the value added obtainable in the domestic market vis a vis exporting is greater than 1.5 times for the Leather and Footwear industries and more than 70% for the Textile & Apparel industries. The anti-export bias in these sectors remained large, even after considering a 100% of duty drawback on imported inputs, making the domestic market lucrative relative to the export market. This study further shows that exporters are penalized by the increasing overvalued exchange rate of the Birr. Finally, it highlights the inconsistency of the tariff and exchange rate policies with the export promotion of the country and provides some recommendations to address these anomalies.

Suggested Citation

  • Mulu Gebreyesus & Alekaw Kebede, 2017. "Ethiopia’s export promotion and the misalignment of the tariff and exchange rate regimes," Working Papers 019, Policy Studies Institute.
  • Handle: RePEc:etd:wpaper:019
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://psi.gov.et/index.php/working-papers?download=19:ethiopia-s-export-promotion-and-the-misalignment-of-the-tariff-and-exchange-rate-regimes
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tokarick, Stephen, 2007. "How large is the bias against exports from import tariffs?," World Trade Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 6(2), pages 193-212, July.
    2. Charles Ackah, 2005. "Working Paper 78 - Trade Policy and Performance in Sub - Saharan Africa since the 1980s," Working Paper Series 213, African Development Bank.
    3. Arne Bigsten & Mulu Gebreeyesus & Måns Söderbom, 2016. "Tariffs and Firm Performance in Ethiopia," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(7), pages 986-1001, July.
    4. William Tyler, 1983. "The anti-export bias in commercial policies and export performance : Some evidence from the recent Brazilian experience," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 119(1), pages 97-108, March.
    5. W. M. Corden, 1966. "The Structure of a Tariff System and the Effective Protective Rate," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 74(3), pages 221-221.
    6. Mulu Gebreyesus & Ashagrie Demile, 2017. "Why export promotion efforts failed to deliver? Assessment of the export incentives and their implementation in Ethiopia," Working Papers 017, Policy Studies Institute.
    7. Prema‐chandra Athukorala, 2006. "Trade Policy Reforms and the Structure of Protection in Vietnam," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(2), pages 161-187, February.
    8. Howard J. Shatz & David G. Tarr, 2017. "Exchange Rate Overvaluation and Trade Protection: Lessons from Experience," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Trade Policies for Development and Transition, chapter 5, pages 115-127, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    9. Westphal, Larry E, 1990. "Industrial Policy in an Export-Propelled Economy: Lessons from South Korea's Experience," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 4(3), pages 41-59, Summer.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Moges Tufa & Mans Söderbom & Zerayehu Sime, 2023. "The Impact of Sector-Specific Industrial Policy on Manufacturing Firm Performance: Quasi-experimental Evidence from Ethiopian Chemical Industries," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 363-397, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lord, Montague, 2000. "Viet Nam: Small Scale Technical assistance for Capacity Building of Ministry of Finance to Support Tariff, Industry and Subsidy Analysis for the WTO Accession," MPRA Paper 41158, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Marks, Stephen V., 2011. "Lao economic policies and effective rates of protection," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 115-127, April.
    3. Riandy Laksono & Arianto A. Patunru, 2024. "The dynamics of labor share decline in manufacturing: Evidence from Indonesia," Departmental Working Papers 2024-3, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics.
    4. Bao Ho Dinh & Hai Nguyen Phuc & Trinh Bui & Hau Nguyen, 2020. "Declining Protection for Vietnamese Agriculture under Trade Liberalization: Evidence from an Input–Output Analysis," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-11, June.
    5. David Tarr, 2005. "Government (Industrial) Policies for Competitiveness in a Global Economy," World Bank Publications - Reports 25929, The World Bank Group.
    6. Haynes, J.E., 1985. "Rural Assistance Levels: The Influence Of Policies And World Price Changes," Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 29(01), pages 1-17, April.
    7. Prema-chandra Athukorala & Hal Hill, 2010. "Asian trade: long-term patterns and key policy issues," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 24(2), pages 52-82, November.
    8. Murat A. Yülek, 2017. "On the Middle Income Trap, the Industrialization Process and Appropriate Industrial Policy," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 325-348, September.
    9. Do Thi Thao & Zhang Jian Hua, 2016. "ARDL Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration: Relationship International Trade Policy Reform and Foreign Trade in Vietnam," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(8), pages 1-84, August.
    10. Florian A. Alburo, 2018. "Export Promotion Policy and Economic Growth in the Philippines: A Comparative Context," UP School of Economics Discussion Papers 201805, University of the Philippines School of Economics.
    11. Volpe Martincus, Christian & Carballo, Jerónimo, 2010. "Beyond the average effects: The distributional impacts of export promotion programs in developing countries," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(2), pages 201-214, July.
    12. Bailey Klinger & Miguel Angel Santos & Camilla Arroyo & Ekaterina Vashkinskaya, 2023. "Growth Diagnostics and Competitiveness Study of the Manufacturing Sector in Tanzania," CID Working Papers 152a, Center for International Development at Harvard University.
    13. Haiou Mao & Holger Görg, 2020. "Friends like this: The impact of the US–China trade war on global value chains," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(7), pages 1776-1791, July.
    14. Mani, Muthukumara & Jha, Shreyasi, 2006. "Trade liberalization and the environment in Vietnam," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3879, The World Bank.
    15. Piyusha Mutreja & Michael Sposi & B. Ravikumar, 2018. "Capital Goods Trade, Relative Prices and Economic Development," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 27, pages 101-122, January.
    16. Fernandes, Ana M., 2007. "Trade policy, trade volumes and plant-level productivity in Colombian manufacturing industries," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 52-71, March.
    17. Alvarez, Roberto, 2007. "Explaining Export Success: Firm Characteristics and Spillover Effects," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 377-393, March.
    18. T. Paul Schultz, 2006. "Does the Liberalization of Trade Advance Gender Equality in Schooling and Health?," Working Papers 935, Economic Growth Center, Yale University.
    19. Juan Ricardo Perilla Jiménez, 2008. "La política económica de las crisis financieras: una aproximación empírica," Revista de Economía Institucional, Universidad Externado de Colombia - Facultad de Economía, vol. 10(18), pages 179-211, January-J.
    20. Lei, Zhenhuan & Nugent, Jeffrey B., 2018. "Coordinating China's economic growth strategy via its government-controlled association for private firms," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 1273-1293.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Export promotion; protection; anti-export bias; macroeconomic policy; Ethiopia;
    All these keywords.

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:etd:wpaper:019. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dagmawi Atnafu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.psi.gov.et .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.