IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/enr/rpaper/0018.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

The Financing of Diverse Enterprises: Evidence from the SME finance monitor

Author

Listed:
  • Sara Carter

    (Strathclyde Business School)

  • Samuel Mwaura

    (Strathclyde Business School)

Abstract

This paper contributes to our understanding of the finance issues currently facing diverse SMEs by presenting a new analysis of the SME Finance Monitor. While prior studies have contributed substantial evidence regarding the effects of either gender or ethnicity on finance outcomes, these analyses have typically focused on either women-owned or ethnic minority owned enterprises. This study considers the experiences and outcomes of both women-owned and ethnic minority-owned enterprises, including the interaction effects of ethnicity and gender. Central to this analysis is the development of a new typology of borrowers that categorises SMEs across six groups: existing borrowers; new/renewed borrowers; declined borrowers; partial borrowers; potential borrowers; and indifferent non-borrowers. Using this typology as the analytical lens enables a more granular view of the SME Finance Monitor dataset, and reveals both a broader set of potential borrowers and a wider set of antecedents of debt-avoidance than have previously been identified. As prior studies have indicated, gender effects that were notable and significant in the initial phases of the analysis were mainly dissipated when other factors, such as legal form and firm age, were considered. Analyses of ethnicity, however, suggest a different experience. While structural factors such as sector, firm size, the presence of a business plan, firm age, and legal form all impact on finance outcomes, after controlling for these structural factors the relative likelihood of borrowing success remains lower among Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) business owners as compared their White British and Irish (WBI) counterparts.

Suggested Citation

  • Sara Carter & Samuel Mwaura, 2014. "The Financing of Diverse Enterprises: Evidence from the SME finance monitor," Research Papers 0018, Enterprise Research Centre.
    • Handle: RePEc:enr:rpaper:0018
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://enterpriseresearch.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/RP18-ERC-RP-Financing-Diverse-Ent-Carter-Mwaura.pdf
    File Function: First version, 2014
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sara Carter & Eleanor Shaw & Wing Lam & Fiona Wilson, 2007. "Gender, Entrepreneurship, and Bank Lending: The Criteria and Processes Used by Bank Loan Officers in Assessing Applications," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 31(3), pages 427-444, May.
    2. Chakravarty, Sugato & Xiang, Meifang, 2013. "The international evidence on discouraged small businesses," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 63-82.
    3. Monder Ram & Kassa Woldesenbet & Trevor Jones, 2011. "Raising the ‘table stakes’? Ethnic minority businesses and supply chain relationships," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 25(2), pages 309-326, June.
    4. Kon, Y & Storey, D J, 2003. "A Theory of Discouraged Borrowers," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 37-49, August.
    5. Zhenyu Wu & Jess H. Chua, 2012. "Second–Order Gender Effects: The Case of U.S. Small Business Borrowing Cost," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 36(3), pages 443-463, May.
    6. Sara Carter & Monder Ram & Trevor Jones & Kiran Trehan, 2013. "Diversity and SMEs: Existing evidence and policy tensions," White Papers 0003, Enterprise Research Centre.
    7. Lola Fabowale & Barbara Orser & Allan Riding, 1995. "Gender, Structural Factors, and Credit Terms between Canadian Small Businesses and Financial Institutions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 19(4), pages 41-65, July.
    8. Mark Freel & Sara Carter & Stephen Tagg & Colin Mason, 2012. "The latent demand for bank debt: characterizing “discouraged borrowers”," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 38(4), pages 399-418, May.
    9. Stephen, Roper & Jonathan M., Scott, 2009. "Perceived financial barriers and the start-up decision: An econometric analysis of gender differences using GEM data," MPRA Paper 23342, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Leandro Sepulveda & Stephen Syrett & Fergus Lyon, 2011. "Population superdiversity and new migrant enterprise: The case of London," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(7-8), pages 469-497, September.
    11. Parker,Simon C., 2006. "The Economics of Self-Employment and Entrepreneurship," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521030632, January.
    12. Susan Marlow & Dean Patton, 2005. "All Credit to Men? Entrepreneurship, Finance, and Gender," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 29(6), pages 717-735, November.
    13. Robert C. Kloosterman, 2010. "Matching opportunities with resources: A framework for analysing (migrant) entrepreneurship from a mixed embeddedness perspective," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 25-45, January.
    14. Cliff, Jennifer E., 1998. "Does one size fit all? exploring the relationship between attitudes towards growth, gender, and business size," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 13(6), pages 523-542, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Caglayan, Mustafa & Talavera, Oleksandr & Xiong, Lin, 2022. "Female small business owners in China: Discouraged, not discriminated," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    2. Emma Galli & Danilo V. Mascia & Stefania P. S. Rossi, 2020. "Bank credit constraints for women‐led SMEs: Self‐restraint or lender bias?," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 26(4), pages 1147-1188, September.
    3. Naegels, Vanessa & Mori, Neema & D'Espallier, Bert, 2022. "The process of female borrower discouragement," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    4. Sara Poggesi & Michela Mari & Luisa Vita, 2016. "What’s new in female entrepreneurship research? Answers from the literature," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 735-764, September.
    5. Marc Cowling & Weixi Liu & Maria Minniti & Ning Zhang, 2016. "UK credit and discouragement during the GFC," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 47(4), pages 1049-1074, December.
    6. Patrick Saparito & Amanda Elam & Candida Brush, 2013. "Bank–Firm Relationships: Do Perceptions Vary by Gender?," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 37(4), pages 837-858, July.
    7. Forrester, Juanita Kimiyo & Neville, François, 2021. "An institutional perspective on borrowing discouragement among female-owned enterprises and the role of regional female empowerment," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(6).
    8. Barbara Orser & Susan Coleman & Yanhong Li, 2020. "Progress or pinkwashing: who benefits from digital women-focused capital funds?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 363-387, August.
    9. Ross Brown & José M. Liñares-Zegarra & John O.S. Wilson, 2022. "Innovation and borrower discouragement in SMEs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(4), pages 1489-1517, December.
    10. Mark Freel & Sara Carter & Stephen Tagg & Colin Mason, 2012. "The latent demand for bank debt: characterizing “discouraged borrowers”," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 38(4), pages 399-418, May.
    11. Kimberly A. Eddleston & Jamie J. Ladge & Cheryl Mitteness & Lakshmi Balachandra, 2016. "Do you See what I See? Signaling Effects of Gender and Firm Characteristics on Financing Entrepreneurial Ventures," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 40(3), pages 489-514, May.
    12. Ukoha, Igwe. Ikenna & Mejeha, Remy & Nwaru, Jude & Ibeagwa, Okwudili & Maduike, Iifeanyi, 2020. "Explicating the Prevalence of Women Farmers’ Deterrence from Microfinance Banks Loans in South-East Nigeria: A Censored Tobit Regression Model of Analysis," International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, Online Academic Press, vol. 7(2), pages 82-89.
    13. Jean-Christophe Statnik & Thi-Le-Giang Vu & Laurent Weill, 2023. "Does Corruption Discourage More Female Entrepreneurs from Applying for Credit?," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 65(1), pages 1-28, March.
    14. Scott McCarthy & Barry Oliver & Martie-Louise Verreynne, 2017. "Bank financing and credit rationing of Australian SMEs," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 42(1), pages 58-85, February.
    15. Saridakis, George & Marlow, Susan & Storey, David J., 2014. "Do different factors explain male and female self-employment rates?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 29(3), pages 345-362.
    16. Osei-Tutu, Francis & Weill, Laurent, 2023. "Individualism reduces borrower discouragement," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 370-385.
    17. Song Zhang & Liang Han & Konstantinos Kallias & Antonios Kallias, 2021. "The value of in-person banking: evidence from U.S. small businesses," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 1393-1435, November.
    18. Riccardo Calcagno & Paolo Finaldi Russo & Ludovica Galotto & Anita Quas, 2024. "Financial literacy of micro-entrepreneurs and access to credit," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 853, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    19. Francesca Maria Cesaroni & Francesca Lotti & Paolo Emilio Mistrulli, 2013. "Female firms and banks� lending behaviour: what happened during the great recession?," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 177, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    20. Fiona Wilson, 2016. "Making Loan Decisions in Banks: Straight from the Gut?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 137(1), pages 53-63, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    0018;

    JEL classification:

    • D1 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:enr:rpaper:0018. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Olivia Garcia (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/wbswauk.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.