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Uncovering the digital payment divide: understanding the importance of cash for groups at risk

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  • Carin van der Cruijsen
  • Jelmer Reijerink

Abstract

The ongoing digital transition in the payment landscape offers countless advantages to many people. However, certain segments of the population encounter difficulties navigating this digital world, particularly individuals within groups at risk. Little is known about the payment behaviour and preferences of these groups. Our research focuses on people with low digital literacy, disabilities or financial difficulties. Using rich payment diary data of Dutch consumers, our study reveals that cash is an important means of payment to many. 7% of the respondents in our study say they always use cash at points of sale and 28% indicate they cannot do without cash. Furthermore, we find that cash is especially important for people with low digital literacy, people who are blind or visually impaired, people with limited or no hand function, people with a mild intellectual disability and people who find it difficult to make ends meet on their income.

Suggested Citation

  • Carin van der Cruijsen & Jelmer Reijerink, 2023. "Uncovering the digital payment divide: understanding the importance of cash for groups at risk," Working Papers 781, DNB.
    • Handle: RePEc:dnb:dnbwpp:781
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carin van der Cruijsen & Lola Hernandez & Nicole Jonker, 2017. "In love with the debit card but still married to cash," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(30), pages 2989-3004, June.
    2. Broekhoff, Marie-Claire & van der Cruijsen, Carin & de Haan, Jakob, 2024. "Towards financial inclusion: Trust in banks’ payment services among groups at risk," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 104-123.
    3. Peterson K. Ozili, 2021. "Financial inclusion research around the world: A review," Forum for Social Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(4), pages 457-479, October.
    4. Ulf Von Kalckreuth & Tobias Schmidt & Helmut Stix, 2014. "Using Cash to Monitor Liquidity: Implications for Payments, Currency Demand, and Withdrawal Behavior," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 46(8), pages 1753-1786, December.
    5. Oz Shy, 2023. "Cash Is Alive: How Economists Explain Holding and Use of Cash," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 61(4), pages 1465-1520, December.
    6. Oz Shy, 2021. "Consumer Use of Multiple Payment Methods," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 58(3), pages 339-355, May.
    7. Alberto Di Iorio & Giorgia Rocco, 2022. "Easier said than done: why Italians pay in cash while preferring cashless," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 731, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    8. Feinberg, Richard A, 1986. "Credit Cards as Spending Facilitating Stimuli: A Conditioning Interpretation," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 13(3), pages 348-356, December.
    9. Jonker, Nicole & van der Cruijsen, Carin & Bijlsma, Michiel & Bolt, Wilko, 2022. "Pandemic payment patterns," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    10. Carin Cruijsen & Joris Knoben, 2021. "Ctrl+C Ctrl+Pay: Do People Mirror Electronic Payment Behavior of their Peers?," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 59(1), pages 69-96, April.
    11. Carin van der Cruijsen & Mirjam Plooij, 2018. "Drivers Of Payment Patterns At The Point Of Sale: Stable Or Not?," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 36(2), pages 363-380, April.
    12. Kajdi, László, 2022. "Consumer payment preferences in the euro area," Working Paper Series 2729, European Central Bank.
    13. Broekhoff, Marie-Claire & van der Cruijsen, Carin, 2024. "Paying in a blink of an eye: it hurts less, but you spend more," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 110-133.
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    Cited by:

    1. Broekhoff, Marie-Claire & van der Cruijsen, Carin & de Haan, Jakob, 2024. "Towards financial inclusion: Trust in banks’ payment services among groups at risk," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 104-123.
    2. Marie-Claire Broekhoff & Carin van der Cruijsen & Jakob de Haan, 2023. "Towards financial inclusion: trust in banks’ payment services among groups at risk," Working Papers 795, DNB.
    3. Broekhoff, Marie-Claire & van der Cruijsen, Carin, 2024. "Paying in a blink of an eye: it hurts less, but you spend more," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 110-133.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    payment behaviour; groups at risk; payment diaries; consumer survey; cash; cards;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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