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Nichteheliche Mutterschaft und soziale Ungleichheit: zur sozioökonomischen Differenzierung der Familienformen in Ost- und Westdeutschland

Author

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  • Dirk Konietzka

    (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany)

  • Michaela R. Kreyenfeld

    (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany)

Abstract

Nichteheliche Geburten haben in den 1990er Jahren in Westdeutschland, vor allem aber in Ostdeutschland stark an Bedeutung gewonnen. Der deutsche familialistische Wohlfahrtsstaat fördert jedoch steuerlich und sozialpolitisch vorrangig verheiratete Paare. Zugleich unterscheidet er zwischen Alleinerziehenden und nichtehelichen Lebensgemeinschaften. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist zu erwarten, dass verheiratete, kohabitierende und alleinerziehende Mütter sich in ihren sozialstrukturellen Hintergründen und hauptsächlichen Unterhaltsquellen (Einkommen des Partners, staatliche Transferzahlungen und eigenes Einkommen) unterscheiden. Analysen der Mikrozensen der Jahre 1991-2000 unterstützen diese These teilweise. Alleinerziehende Frauen haben häufiger einen geringen Bildungsabschluss und sind häufiger von sozialstaatlichen Transferzahlungen abhängig als Frauen in anderen Familienformen. In Westdeutschland leben gut ausgebildete Mütter vergleichsweise häufig in einer nichtehelichen Lebensgemeinschaft. Kohabitierende Mütter sind zudem häufiger Vollzeit erwerbstätig als andere Mütter. In Ostdeutschland bestehen nur geringe Unterschiede zwischen verheirateten und in einer nichtehelichen Lebensgemeinschaft lebenden Müttern im Hinblick auf den Bildungsabschluss und das Ausmaß der Erwerbsbeteiligung. Auch verheiratete Mütter sind selten vom Einkommen des Partners abhängig. Die ökonomische Unabhängigkeit verheirateter Mütter ist ein zentrales Merkmal des Wandels der Familie in Ostdeutschland und begründet deutliche Ost-West-Unterschiede in den ökonomischen Grundlagen von Familien.

Suggested Citation

  • Dirk Konietzka & Michaela R. Kreyenfeld, 2005. "Nichteheliche Mutterschaft und soziale Ungleichheit: zur sozioökonomischen Differenzierung der Familienformen in Ost- und Westdeutschland," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2005-001, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:dem:wpaper:wp-2005-001
    DOI: 10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2005-001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Miriam Maeder, 2014. "Earnings-related parental leave benefits and subjective well-being of young mothers: evidence from a German parental leave reform," Working Papers 148, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics (BGPE).
    2. Mikko Myrskylä & Rachel Margolis, 2012. "Happiness: before and after the kids," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2012-013, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    3. Zabel, Cordula, 2011. "Lone mothers' participation in labor market programs for means-tested benefit recipients in Germany," IAB-Discussion Paper 201114, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    4. Cordula Zabel, 2008. "Patterns of partnership formation among lone mothers in Russia," MPIDR Working Papers WP-2008-020, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.
    5. Petra Stein & Monika Pavetic & Sebastian Willen, 2014. "Couples' fertility decision-making," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 30(63), pages 1697-1732.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Germany; marriage duration;

    JEL classification:

    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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