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La critique d’ad hocité en économie. L’exemple des théories de la croissance

Author

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  • Stéphane CARCILLO

    (MATISSE-SET, Université de Paris 1)

  • Véronique REIFFERS

    (C3ED, Université de Versailles)

Abstract

La critique d'ad hocité est courante en économie, mais elle reste confuse, reposant aussi bien sur des arguments d'ordre heuristique (fondements microéconomiques), que sur des arguments d'ordre empirique (ajustement d'une théorie aux faits). Si l'épistémologie d'inspiration poppérienne fournit des définitions utiles, quoique discutables, de l'ad hocité, une revue de quelques commentaires récents révèle un autre sens attribué par les économistes : une hypothèse qui manque de fondements empiriques tout en étant essentielle à la dérivation des certaines conclusions. Nous cherchons ensuite à déterminer dans quelle mesure les théories de la croissance endogène sont exposées à la critique d'ad hocité. Tout d'abord, s'il est impossible d'affirmer que certaines hypothèses communes à tous les modèles (rendements constants dans la production et forme des fonctions d'utilité) sont ad hoc d'un point de vue empirique ou heuristique, la véritable critique qui peut leur être adressée relève plutôt d'un manque de réalisme. Ensuite, la tentative d'ajustement du modèle néoclassique à l'absence de convergence internationale illustre la difficile application de l'ad hoc dans son acception empirique. Enfin, l'utilisation de l'agent représentatif dans les modèles de croissance en concurrence imparfaite est évaluée à la lumière d'une définition heuristique de l'ad hocité.

Suggested Citation

  • Stéphane CARCILLO & Véronique REIFFERS, 2001. "La critique d’ad hocité en économie. L’exemple des théories de la croissance," Discussion Papers (REL - Recherches Economiques de Louvain) 2001025, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
    • Handle: RePEc:ctl:louvre:2001025
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    hypothèses; ad hoc; ad hocité; méthodologie; théories de la croissance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B41 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Economic Methodology - - - Economic Methodology
    • O41 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models

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