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Competition and horizontal integration in maritime freight transport

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  • ALVAREZ-SANJAIME, Oscar
  • CANTOS-SANCHEZ, Pedro
  • MONER-COLONQUES, Rafael
  • SEMPERE-MONERRIS, José J.

Abstract

This paper develops a theoretical model for freight transport characterized by competition between means of transport (the road and maritime sectors), where modes are perceived as differentiated products. Competitive behavior is assumed in the road freight sector, and there are constant returns to scale. In contrast, the freight maritime sector is characterized by oligopolistic behavior, where shipping lines enjoy economies of scale. The market equilibrium where the shipping lines behave as profit maximizers, provides a first approximation to the determinants of market shares, profits, and user welfare. We then characterize the equilibrium when horizontal integration of shipping lines occurs, with and without further economies of scale. An empirical application to the routes Valencia-Antwerp and Valencia-Genoa uncovers that the joint profit of the merged firms and social welfare always increase. However, user surplus only increases when economies of scale are significantly exploited
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  • ALVAREZ-SANJAIME, Oscar & CANTOS-SANCHEZ, Pedro & MONER-COLONQUES, Rafael & SEMPERE-MONERRIS, José J., 2013. "Competition and horizontal integration in maritime freight transport," LIDAM Reprints CORE 2504, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    • Handle: RePEc:cor:louvrp:2504
    Note: In : Transportation Research Part E, 51(1), 67-81, 2013
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    4. Wang, Junjin & Liu, Jiaguo, 2019. "Vertical contract selection under chain-to-chain service competition in shipping supply chain," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 184-196.
    5. Dan Liu & Zhenghong Deng & Qipeng Sun & Yong Wang & Yinhai Wang, 2019. "Design and Freight Corridor-Fleet Size Choice in Collaborative Intermodal Transportation Network Considering Economies of Scale," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-19, February.
    6. Zheng, Wei & Li, Bo & Song, Dong-Ping, 2017. "Effects of risk-aversion on competing shipping lines’ pricing strategies with uncertain demands," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 337-356.
    7. Chen, Rongying & Dong, Jing-Xin & Lee, Chung-Yee, 2016. "Pricing and competition in a shipping market with waste shipments and empty container repositioning," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 32-55.
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    9. Lijuan Yang & Eldon Y. Li & Yu Zhang, 2020. "Pricing and Subsidy Models for Transshipment Sustainability in the Three Gorges Dam Region of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-20, August.
    10. Zheng, Shiyuan & Luo, Meifeng, 2021. "Competition or cooperation? Ports’ strategies and welfare analysis facing shipping alliances," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    11. Lee, Chung-Yee & Song, Dong-Ping, 2017. "Ocean container transport in global supply chains: Overview and research opportunities," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 442-474.
    12. Quartieri, Federico, 2017. "Are vessel sharing agreements pro-competitive?," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 11, pages 33-48.
    13. Zhang, Li-Hao & Zhang, Yang-Guang & Wang, Shan-Shan, 2022. "Ocean shipping company’s encroachment with outsourcing competition," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    14. Llano, C. & De la Mata, T. & Díaz-Lanchas, J. & Gallego, N., 2017. "Transport-mode competition in intra-national trade: An empirical investigation for the Spanish case," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 334-355.
    15. Saeed, Naima, 2013. "Cooperation among freight forwarders: Mode choice and intermodal freight transport," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 77-86.
    16. Song, Zhuzhu & Tang, Wansheng & Zhao, Ruiqing, 2019. "Encroachment and canvassing strategy in a sea-cargo service chain with empty container repositioning," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 276(1), pages 175-186.
    17. Chen, Pingping & Zhao, Ruiqing & Lan, Yanfei, 2022. "E-commerce platform canvassing and service upgrade in an ocean shipping supply chain," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    18. Liu, Jiaguo & Wang, Junjin, 2019. "Carrier alliance incentive analysis and coordination in a maritime transport chain based on service competition," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 333-355.
    19. Wang, Hua & Meng, Qiang & Zhang, Xiaoning, 2014. "Game-theoretical models for competition analysis in a new emerging liner container shipping market," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 201-227.

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