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Intervenciones no farmacológicas de reducción del dano asociado al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas: una revisión sistemática de la evidencia e implicaciones de política

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  • Camilo Andrés Melo Rojas

Abstract

El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) se ha convertido en uno de los problemas públicos de mayor crecimiento a nivel global, con un número aproximado de doscientos cincuenta millones de consumidores en el mundo que se enfrentan a importantes riesgos de deterioro de su salud. Frente a la magnitud del problema, la reducción del dano surge como un paradigma de política pública que busca mitigar el dano asociado al consumo indebido y problemático de SPA. Este trabajo muestra la evidencia de la efectividad de la reducción del dano en la mitigación de las consecuencias del consumo sobre la salud individual por medio de una revisión sistemática de evidencia disponible, que se llevó a cabo en cinco bases de datos (EBSCO, Jstor, PubMed, Science Direct y ProQuest) con 39 términos de búsqueda, en el resumen, el título y las palabras clave de los documentos. La muestra final se compuso de 57 artículos que evaluaron la efectividad de programas de intercambio de agujas y jeringas, centros de consumo o inyección controlada e intervenciones psicosociales; 68 % de los artículos mostró reducciones significativas en el dano en salud de los consumidores; 5 % encontró efectos positivos y negativos en las variables analizadas; 26 % de los estudios no encontró ningún efecto significativo de las intervenciones. Estos resultados permiten pensar en la reducción del dano como una alternativa de política de gran potencial para abordar el creciente problema del consumo en Colombia. ****** Psychoactive substances use has become one of the most rapid growing public issues globally, with an estimate of 250 million users all over the world, facing major health impairments and damages. In order to deal with the magnitude of this problem, harm reduction arises as a policy approach looking to mitigate the harm associated with substance misuse. This paper presents the evidence of harm reduction effectiveness in ameliorating the negative consequences of drug isuse upon individual health. To achieve this goal, a systematic review of available evidence was conducted, inquiring about 39 search terms in the paper’s abstract, title and key words, over 5 different databases (EBSCO, Jstor, PubMed, Science Direct and ProQuest). Final sample was composed of 57 papers evaluating the effectiveness or efficacy of needle and syringes programs, supervised injection facilities and psychosocial interventions; 68% of articles found significate reductions in users health damages; and 5% of those studies showed mixed, negative and positive effects, in the analyzed variables; 26% of the studied papers found no significate effect of analyzed interventions. These results allow us to think of harm reduction as policy alternative with a great potential to address the growing issue of substance misuse in Colombia.

Suggested Citation

  • Camilo Andrés Melo Rojas, 2019. "Intervenciones no farmacológicas de reducción del dano asociado al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas: una revisión sistemática de la evidencia e implicaciones de política," Documentos de trabajo 17630, Escuela de Gobierno - Universidad de los Andes.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000547:017630
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Schilling, Robert F. & Fontdevila, Jorge & Fernando, Daniel & El-Bassel, Nabila & Monterroso, Edgar, 2004. "Proximity to needle exchange programs and HIV-related risk behavior among injection drug users in Harlem," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 25-33, February.
    2. Cheung, Chau-kiu & Ngai, Steven Sek-yum, 2013. "Reducing youth's drug abuse through training social workers for cognitive–behavioral integrated treatment," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 302-311.
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