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La política comercial del sector agrícola en Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Hernando José Gómez
  • Juan Camilo Restrepo Salazar
  • John Nash
  • Alberto Valdés

Abstract

En este Cuaderno se presentan las memorias de un debate convocado por Fedesarrollo en mayo de 2001, orientado a evaluar la política comercial del agro colombiano y el desaprovechamiento de las oportunidades de crecimiento del sector que ofrece el mercado mundial.Uno de los cambios estructurales más importantes que ha tenido la economía mundial en los últimos anos ha sido el aumento de los precios internacionales de los productos agrícolas. Aunque durante mucho tiempo se registró una tendencia a la caída de los precios de los productos primarios en el mercado mundial, ese fenómeno se ha revertido en lo corrido de este siglo gracias a la creciente demanda por alimentos generada por el crecimiento de economías como las de China e India, y por los altos precios de los hidrocarburos que han encarecido los insumos agrícolas y han producido una mayor demanda por biocombustibles.Varias economías latinoamericanas se han beneficiado de esta situación internacional. En los últimos anos, países como Brasil, Perú y Chile se han convertido en grandes exportadores de productos agrícolas y agroindustriales, y han convertido sus sectores agropecuarios en motor de crecimiento económico. Entre tanto, Colombia ha tenido un comportamiento opuesto. La economía colombiana es una de las que menos exporta productos agrícolas en la región, y el sector agropecuario ha crecido menos que el promedio de la economía nacional en el pasado reciente. Esta situación es particularmente preocupante teniendo en cuenta que tres cuartas partes del área cultivable del país no se dedica a actividades agrícolas y que el desempleo rural supera el urbano.Una de las razones por las cuales el agro colombiano no ha aprovechado el auge del mercado internacional tiene que ver con la política comercial de sector. Sólo dos ramas productivas de la economía colombiana conservan un tratamiento preferencial en cuanto a sus aranceles: el automotor y el agropecuario. En este último caso, la protección derivada de mecanismos como el Sistema de Franjas de Precios y las recurrentes salvaguardias han generado un sesgo anti-exportador que ha volcado los recursos del sector hacia el mercado doméstico, lo que se ha traducido en menores niveles de productividad y crecimiento, como lo muestra el debate cuyas memorias se presentan en este Cuaderno.

Suggested Citation

  • Hernando José Gómez & Juan Camilo Restrepo Salazar & John Nash & Alberto Valdés, 2011. "La política comercial del sector agrícola en Colombia," Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo 9256, Fedesarrollo.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000439:009256
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11445/161
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aksoy, M. Ataman & Ng, Francis, 2010. "The evolution of agricultural trade flows," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5308, The World Bank.
    2. Perfetti, J. J., 2009. "Crisis y pobreza rural en América Latina: el caso de Colombia," Working papers 043, Rimisp Latin American Center for Rural Development.
    3. Minot, Nicholas & Ngigi, Margaret, 2004. "Are horticultural exports a replicable success story?," MTID discussion papers 73, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    4. Absalón Machado & Carlos Salgado & Rafael Vásquez, 2004. "La Academia y el Sector Rural 1," La Academia y el Sector Rural 2929, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Cited by:

    1. Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Antonio José Orozco-Gallo, 2015. "Eficiencia técnica de los hogares con producción agropecuaria en Colombia," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 227, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    2. Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & Antonio José Orozco-Gallo, 2017. "Technical efficiency for Colombian small crop and livestock farmers: A stochastic metafrontier approach for different production systems," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 47(1), pages 1-16, February.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Política comercial; Agricultura; Sector agropecuario; Competitividad; Economía agrícola; Agroindustria; Incentivos agrícolas; Liberalización comercial; Política arancelaria;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q18 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy
    • Q17 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agriculture in International Trade

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