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Desarrollo del Sistema Financiero y Crecimiento Económico

Author

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  • Andrés Carvajal
  • Hernando Zuleta

Abstract

Desde la propuesta de Schumpeter (1911)(1)de que los servicios prestados por el sistema financiero son importantes para la promoción de la innovación tecnológica y el crecimiento económico(2). ha existido un relativo consenso entre los economistas en el sentido de que el desarrollo del sistema es importante para el crecimiento de largo plazo. A pesar de ello, en la teoría del crecimiento no se han incorporado con suficiente relevancia estas relaciones. En el plano empírico las primeras evaluaciones de esta hipótesis se llevaron a cabo en la década de los setenta - Goldsmith (1969)(3), McKinnon (1973)(4) y Shaw (1973)(5), para muestras pequeñas de países, con resultados que apoyaban la idea de que la mejor estructuración financiera de una economía acelera el crecimiento. Por supuesto, las simples relaciones empíricas resultaban cuestionables en tanto carecían de fundamentación teórica(6). Desarrollos recientes han presentado modelos de crecimiento en los que la intermediación financiera afecta la tasa de crecimiento (endógeno) del PIB percápita en el largo plazo, y de ellos se extrae la lección de que las políticas de represión al sistema financiero, o la excesiva intermediación en sus funciones tienen efectos nocivos de largo plazo. Este trabajo busca evaluar la hipótesis teórica de que el mejor desarrollo del sistema financiero estimula el crecimiento económico de largo plazo. En esta dirección, el trabajo se divide en seis partes, la primera de las cuales es esta introducción. En la segunda de ellas, se revisa la principal literatura en relación con esta hipótesis. En la tercera se introduce el sistema financiero en in modelo de crecimiento de largo plazo, partiendo del conocido modelo de Ramsey y luego introduciendo consideraciones sobre la productividad marginal del capital, la utilidad marginal del dinero y el señoreaje. En la cuarta parte, se resume la evidencia internacional recogida en la literatura y luego se hace un ejercicio econométrico sencillo para evaluar la evidencia colombiana. Dados los resultados obtenidos, en la quinta parte se hace computable el modelo y se realizan ejercicios de simulación. En particular, se evalúan los resultados de una política de apertura del sistema financiero, y se hace dinámica comparativa con las tasas de encaje e impaciencia de la economía. Finalmente, en la sexta parte se destacan las conclusiones del trabajo

Suggested Citation

  • Andrés Carvajal & Hernando Zuleta, 1997. "Desarrollo del Sistema Financiero y Crecimiento Económico," Borradores de Economia 2279, Banco de la Republica.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000094:002279
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Romer, Paul M, 1986. "Increasing Returns and Long-run Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 94(5), pages 1002-1037, October.
    2. Valerie R. Bencivenga & Bruce D. Smith, 1991. "Financial Intermediation and Endogenous Growth," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 58(2), pages 195-209.
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    Cited by:

    1. Catalina Delgado González, 2004. "Inversión y restricciones crediticias en Colombia en la década de los noventa," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 22(47), pages 8-55, December.
    2. Constanza Martínez Ventura, 2008. "The Effects of Financial Intermediation on Colombian Economic Growth," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 26(57), pages 250-280, December.
    3. Harold A. Padilla Villa & Lorenzo D. Zanello Riva, 2013. "Relación entre penetración financiera y crecimiento económico. El caso colombiano en el periodo 2001-2010," Revista de Economía del Caribe 14733, Universidad del Norte.
    4. Alejandro Ramírez Vigoya & Laura Cristancho, 2010. "Eficiencia en el Sector Financiero Colombiano en el Periodo 1995-2008," Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, December.
    5. Camilo Zea, 1999. "Financial Inefficiency And Real Business Cycle In Colombia," Borradores de Economia 2722, Banco de la Republica.
    6. Luz Adriana Flórez & Carlos Esteban Posada & José Fernando Escobar, 2005. "Crédito y depósitos bancarios en Colombia (1990-2004): una relación de largo plazo," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 23(48), pages 12-63, Junio.
    7. Jorge M. Uribe & Julián Fernández, 2014. "Riesgo sistémico en el mercado de acciones colombiano: alternativas de diversificación bajo eventos extremos," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, August.
    8. Michel Janna Gandur, 2003. "Eficiencia en Costos,Cambios en las Condiciones Generales del Mercado y Crisis en la Banca Colombiana: 1992-2002," Borradores de Economia 260, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

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