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Latin America: The Day After Is this Time Different?

Author

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  • Guillermo Perry
  • Alejandro Forero

Abstract

Latin America had a golden decade from 2002 to 2012, mostly thanks to favorable external conditions. Its commodity exports prices raised almost continuously, there were abundant capital inflows and low international interest rates. This golden decade has come to an end, even while no sudden worsening of external conditions is expected. Using several short term and structural indicators, this paper analyzes if this decade represented a turning point. Macroeconomic and financial vulnerabilities were indeed sharply reduced, labor market conditions improved significantly and investment rates increased, in most countries. Many of these achievements are likely to stay and Latin America may prove to be much more resilient to future shocks than in the past. However, the boom in extractive exports prices led to over-concentration of exports, stagnation of other tradable activities and other symptoms of Dutch Disease. Worst still, productivity gaps were not reduced as their structural determinants improved just too slowly. In summary, the boom was not completely wasted, nor was it fully capitalized. Latino América tuvo una década de oro de 2002 a 2012, gracias principalmente a condiciones externas favorables. Los precios de exportación de sus commodities crecieron casi continuamente, hubo flujos de capital abundantes y bajas tasas de interés internacional. Esta década dorada ha llegado a su fin, aun cuando no se espera un súbito empeoramiento de las condiciones externas. Usando diversos indicadores tanto de corto plazo como estructurales, este documento analiza si esta década representó un punto de quiebre para la región. Las vulnerabilidades macroeconómicas y financieras se redujeron sustancialmente, las condiciones de los mercados de trabajo mejoraron significativamente y las tasas de inversión aumentaron en la mayoría de países. Muchos de estos logros probablemente permanecerán y Latinoamérica puede ser más resiliente a choques futuros que lo que fue en el pasado. Sin embargo, el auge de los precios de las exportaciones extractivas llevó a una sobre concentración de exportaciones, un estancamiento en otras actividades transables y otros síntomas de enfermedad holandesa. Peor aún, las brechas de productividad no se redujeron puesto que sus determinantes estructurales mejoraron demasiado lentamente. En resumen, el auge no fue desperdiciado completamente, pero tampoco fue totalmente capitalizado.

Suggested Citation

  • Guillermo Perry & Alejandro Forero, 2014. "Latin America: The Day After Is this Time Different?," Documentos CEDE 12344, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000089:012344
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Guillermo Perry & Eduardo García, 2016. "The Influence of Multilateral Development Institutions on Latin American Development Strategies. Special Issue of International Development Policy on Latin America," Documentos CEDE 14591, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    2. Johan Winbladh, 2017. "Systemic Banking Crisis and Macroeconomic Leading Indicators," Proceedings of International Academic Conferences 4707470, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    política macroeconómica; crecimiento; enfermedad holandesa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E60 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - General
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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