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Environmental Audits and Incentive Compensation

Author

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  • H. Landis Gabel
  • Bernard Sinclair-Desgagné

Abstract

This paper studies the link between environmental audits and employee compensation. The context is a one-period principal-agent relationship where the agent must allocate effort between financial and environmental tasks. The former are routinely monitored while the latter are audited (at some cost) only under specific circumstances. We find that the optimal wages have a lower mean and greater variance when there is an environmental audit than when there is not. This puts more risk on the agent, so the expected wage ex ante is higher and the agent's effort on the environmental task greater than in a situation with no environmental audits. Ce papier étudie le lien entre les audits environnementaux et la rémunération des employés. Dans un modèle d'agence à une période, l'agent doit partager son attention entre les aspects environnementaux et ceux strictement financiers de sa tâche. La performance de l'agent sur le plan financier est constamment surveillée; sur le plan environnemental, par contre, l'employeur n'effectue que des contrôles ponctuels au moyen d'audits environnementaux. On trouve que le salaire optimal a une moyenne inférieure et une variance supérieure quand l'employeur a recours à un audit environnemental. La menace d'un audit environnemental augmente donc le risque pesant sur l'agent, ce qui entraîne que le salaire attendu intialement par l'agent sera plus élevé et son attention aux aspects environnementaux plus forte que si cette menace n'existait pas.

Suggested Citation

  • H. Landis Gabel & Bernard Sinclair-Desgagné, 1994. "Environmental Audits and Incentive Compensation," CIRANO Working Papers 94s-19, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:94s-19
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/94s-19.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dilip Mookherjee & Ivan Png, 1989. "Optimal Auditing, Insurance, and Redistribution," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 104(2), pages 399-415.
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    3. Townsend, Robert M., 1979. "Optimal contracts and competitive markets with costly state verification," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 265-293, October.
    4. Gabel H. Landis & Sinclair-Desgagne Bernard, 1993. "Managerial Incentives and Environmental Compliance," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 24(3), pages 229-240, May.
    5. Holmstrom, Bengt & Milgrom, Paul, 1991. "Multitask Principal-Agent Analyses: Incentive Contracts, Asset Ownership, and Job Design," The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, Oxford University Press, vol. 7(0), pages 24-52, Special I.
    6. Sinclair-Desgagne, Bernard, 1994. "The First-Order Approach to Multi-signal Principal-Agent Problems," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 62(2), pages 459-466, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Environmental audits ; Employee compensation; Audits environnementaux ; Rémunération des employés;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J33 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
    • Q28 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Government Policy

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