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Communication des risques industriels au public - Les expériences aux États-Unis et en France

Author

Listed:
  • Nathalie De Marcellis-Warin
  • Ingrid Peignier
  • Bernard Sinclair-Desgagné

Abstract

In many domains, opinion plays a very significant role which will not stop growing. It is true more than ever in the environmental and health domains, but also in industrial risks. Is it necessary to worry about it? Won't today's mindset become tomorrow's regulation? We show the characteristics of the communication of industrial risks, then we analyze several models illustrating the current regulations that govern information to the public, the various means of communicating, the conveyed messages, their useful contributions and their limits, in particular in the United States and in France. First of all, we describe general notions of the communication of industrial risks. We highlight how the communication of risks to stakeholders is an important part of each step in the risk management decision process. In a second part, we study the American experience. We focus on the information that is actually transmitted to citizens and on the transmission resources used. We examine more closely the example of "Local Emergency Planning Committees"" (LEPCs), which are very significant entities, pivotal in the formal link between citizens, the industry and the government. In a third part, we examine the administrative responsibilities of the various actors implicated in the industrial risk management in France. We consider the questions of communication, namely which are the general principles of the communication, which is the information actually transmitted to the citizens, which are the means set up to enhance the public participation. Concerning this last point, we describe in more details the example of a local commission of information in the town of Strasbourg (East of France). To conclude, we will also examine how the new French bill approved by the Senate on February 6th 2003 relating to the prevention of technological and natural hazards and compensation for damages will require the creation of mandatory local commissions of information and discussion (CLIC) around each site at risk. These committees will address all questions concerning the risks, in view of improving the information and discussion about these risks, and the means of preventing them." Dans de nombreux domaines, l'opinion joue un très grand rôle qui ne cessera de grandir. C'est surtout vrai dans les domaines de l'environnement et de la santé, et plus encore dans celui des risques industriels. Faut-il s'en préoccuper, s'en inquiéter ? L'opinion d'aujourd'hui n'est-elle pas la réglementation de demain ? Nous montrons les caractéristiques de la communication des risques industriels puis analysons plusieurs expériences illustrant les réglementations en vigueur sur l'information du public, les divers moyens de communiquer, les messages véhiculés, leurs apports bénéfiques et leurs limites, en particulier aux États-Unis et en France. Dans une première partie, nous abordons des notions générales de la communication des risques industriels. Nous montrons comment la communication fait partie intégrante de toutes les étapes de la gestion du risque. Dans une deuxième partie, nous étudions l'expérience américaine en matière de communication des risques industriels. Nous regardons quelle est l'information qui est effectivement transmise aux citoyens et enfin, nous recensons les moyens de transmission utilisés. Nous examinons de plus près l'exemple des « Local Emergency Planning Commitees » (LEPCs), entité très importante, pivot entre les citoyens, l'industrie et le gouvernement. Dans une troisième partie, nous étudions les responsabilités administratives des différents acteurs impliqués dans la gestion des risques industriels en France. Nous nous penchons sur les questions de communication, à savoir quels sont les principes généraux de communication, quelle est l'information effectivement transmise aux citoyens, quels sont les moyens mis en place pour favoriser la participation du public. Concernant ce dernier point, nous décrivons plus en détail l'exemple d'un comité d'information de la ville de Strasbourg (Est de la France). En conclusion, nous verrons également comment le nouveau projet de loi français relatif à la prévention des risques technologiques et naturels et à la réparation des dommages, voté par le Sénat le 6 février 2003, permettra la création obligatoire de commissions locales d'information et de concertation (CLIC) autour de chaque site à risque. Ces comités seront saisis de toutes questions relatives aux risques en vue d'améliorer l'information et la concertation sur ces risques, et les moyens de les prévenir.

Suggested Citation

  • Nathalie De Marcellis-Warin & Ingrid Peignier & Bernard Sinclair-Desgagné, 2003. "Communication des risques industriels au public - Les expériences aux États-Unis et en France," CIRANO Project Reports 2003rp-02, CIRANO.
    • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirpro:2003rp-02
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    References listed on IDEAS

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