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Give Me Your Best Shot! Diffusion of Complete versus Booster Covid-19 Vaccines across US Counties

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  • Rajeev K. Goel
  • Michael A. Nelson

Abstract

This paper compares drivers of full COVID-19 vaccinations and booster doses across U.S. counties. Booster doses are contingent upon someone receiving the primary doses, and the risk attitudes and propensities to get vaccinated may be different across individuals, along with the supply chain differences across the primary and booster doses. Results show that new covid cases do not significantly impact vaccinations, while supply chain aspects via pharmacies had a positive impact. The effects of income, race, age, and education were largely consistent with intuition. Further, political ideologies mattered, while government decentralization did not. There were differences in the signs, magnitudes, and significance of the influence of some drivers across primary versus booster doses. Robustness checks include using alternative estimation techniques and examining differences across counties with low- and high vaccination rates. Policy implications are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Rajeev K. Goel & Michael A. Nelson, 2023. "Give Me Your Best Shot! Diffusion of Complete versus Booster Covid-19 Vaccines across US Counties," CESifo Working Paper Series 10559, CESifo.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10559
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    File URL: https://www.cesifo.org/DocDL/cesifo1_wp10559.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Goel, Rajeev K. & Saunoris, James W. & Goel, Srishti S., 2021. "Supply chain performance and economic growth: The impact of COVID-19 disruptions," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 43(2), pages 298-316.
    2. Rajeev K. Goel & Michael A. Nelson, 2021. "Drivers of COVID-19 vaccinations: vaccine delivery and delivery efficiency in the United States," Netnomics, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 53-69, June.
    3. Alam, Shahriar Tanvir & Ahmed, Sayem & Ali, Syed Mithun & Sarker, Sudipa & Kabir, Golam & ul-Islam, Asif, 2021. "Challenges to COVID-19 vaccine supply chain: Implications for sustainable development goals," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    4. Rajeev K. Goel & James R. Jones & James W. Saunoris, 2023. "Explaining vaccine hesitancy: A COVID‐19 study of the United States," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(2), pages 1073-1087, March.
    5. Papke, Leslie E & Wooldridge, Jeffrey M, 1996. "Econometric Methods for Fractional Response Variables with an Application to 401(K) Plan Participation Rates," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 11(6), pages 619-632, Nov.-Dec..
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    1. Rajeev K. Goel & Michael A. Nelson, 2024. "Ending COVID-19 vaccine apartheid through vaccine donations: the influence of supply chains," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 48(3), pages 592-613, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Covid-19; vaccination; pandemic; booster; government; supply chain; pharmacies; political ideology; risk attitudes; county; United States;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • I11 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Analysis of Health Care Markets
    • H75 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
    • H11 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior

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