IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cam/camdae/1957.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Heteroskedasticity-Robust Inference in Linear Regression Models

Author

Listed:
  • Jochmans, K.

Abstract

This paper considers inference in heteroskedastic linear regression models with many control variables. The slope coefficients on these variables are nuisance parameters. Our setting allows their number to grow with the sample size, possibly at the same rate, in which case they are not consistently estimable. A prime example of this setting are models with many (possibly multi-way) fixed effects. The presence of many nuisance parameters introduces an incidental-parameter problem in the usual heteroskedasticity-robust estimators of the covariance matrix, rendering them biased and inconsistent. Hence, tests based on these estimators are size distorted even in large samples. An alternative covariance-matrix estimator that is conditionally unbiased and remains consistent is presented and supporting simulation results are provided.

Suggested Citation

  • Jochmans, K., 2019. "Heteroskedasticity-Robust Inference in Linear Regression Models," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1957, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    • Handle: RePEc:cam:camdae:1957
    Note: kj345
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/research-files/repec/cam/pdf/cwpe1957.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. James H. Stock & Mark W. Watson, 2008. "Heteroskedasticity-Robust Standard Errors for Fixed Effects Panel Data Regression," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 76(1), pages 155-174, January.
    2. Jonah E. Rockoff, 2004. "The Impact of Individual Teachers on Student Achievement: Evidence from Panel Data," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 94(2), pages 247-252, May.
    3. Matias D. Cattaneo & Michael Jansson & Whitney K. Newey, 2018. "Inference in Linear Regression Models with Many Covariates and Heteroscedasticity," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 113(523), pages 1350-1361, July.
    4. White, Halbert, 1980. "A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 48(4), pages 817-838, May.
    5. Chesher, Andrew & Jewitt, Ian, 1987. "The Bias of a Heteroskedasticity Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 55(5), pages 1217-1222, September.
    6. Joshua Angrist & Jinyong Hahn, 2004. "When to Control for Covariates? Panel Asymptotics for Estimates of Treatment Effects," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 86(1), pages 58-72, February.
    7. Koen Jochmans & Martin Weidner, 2019. "Fixed‐Effect Regressions on Network Data," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 87(5), pages 1543-1560, September.
    8. John M. Abowd & Francis Kramarz & David N. Margolis, 1999. "High Wage Workers and High Wage Firms," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 67(2), pages 251-334, March.
    9. Raj Chetty & John N. Friedman & Jonah E. Rockoff, 2014. "Measuring the Impacts of Teachers I: Evaluating Bias in Teacher Value-Added Estimates," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(9), pages 2593-2632, September.
    10. MacKinnon, James G. & White, Halbert, 1985. "Some heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimators with improved finite sample properties," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 29(3), pages 305-325, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Anatolyev, Stanislav & Sølvsten, Mikkel, 2023. "Testing many restrictions under heteroskedasticity," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 236(1).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Matias D. Cattaneo & Michael Jansson & Whitney K. Newey, 2018. "Inference in Linear Regression Models with Many Covariates and Heteroscedasticity," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 113(523), pages 1350-1361, July.
    2. Patrick Kline & Raffaele Saggio & Mikkel Sølvsten, 2020. "Leave‐Out Estimation of Variance Components," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 88(5), pages 1859-1898, September.
    3. Pötscher, Benedikt M. & Preinerstorfer, David, 2021. "Valid Heteroskedasticity Robust Testing," MPRA Paper 117855, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Jul 2023.
    4. Sin, C.Y. (Chor-yiu) & Lee, Cheng-Few, 2021. "Using heteroscedasticity-non-consistent or heteroscedasticity-consistent variances in linear regression," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 117-142.
    5. Annalivia Polselli, 2023. "Robust Inference in Panel Data Models: Some Effects of Heteroskedasticity and Leveraged Data in Small Samples," Papers 2312.17676, arXiv.org.
    6. MacKinnon, J G, 1989. "Heteroskedasticity-Robust Tests for Structural Change," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 77-92.
    7. Goncalves, Silvia & Kilian, Lutz, 2004. "Bootstrapping autoregressions with conditional heteroskedasticity of unknown form," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 123(1), pages 89-120, November.
    8. Riccardo D'Adamo, 2018. "Cluster-Robust Standard Errors for Linear Regression Models with Many Controls," Papers 1806.07314, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2019.
    9. Cheng, Tsung-Chi, 2012. "On simultaneously identifying outliers and heteroscedasticity without specific form," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 56(7), pages 2258-2272.
    10. Emmanuel Flachaire, 2002. "Bootstrapping heteroskedasticity consistent covariance matrix estimator," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 501-506, December.
    11. Pötscher, Benedikt M. & Preinerstorfer, David, 2023. "How Reliable Are Bootstrap-Based Heteroskedasticity Robust Tests?," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 39(4), pages 789-847, August.
    12. Romano, Joseph P. & Wolf, Michael, 2017. "Resurrecting weighted least squares," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 197(1), pages 1-19.
    13. Jochmans, Koen & Weidner, Martin, 2024. "Inference On A Distribution From Noisy Draws," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 40(1), pages 60-97, February.
    14. Packalen, Mikko & Wirjanto, Tony S., 2012. "Inference about clustering and parametric assumptions in covariance matrix estimation," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 56(1), pages 1-14, January.
    15. Kenneth W. Clements & H. Y. Izan & Yihui Lan, 2009. "A Stochastic Measure of International Competitiveness," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 9(1‐2), pages 51-81, March.
    16. Flachaire, Emmanuel, 2005. "Bootstrapping heteroskedastic regression models: wild bootstrap vs. pairs bootstrap," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 49(2), pages 361-376, April.
    17. Valentin Verdier, 2020. "Estimation and Inference for Linear Models with Two-Way Fixed Effects and Sparsely Matched Data," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 102(1), pages 1-16, March.
    18. Davidson, Russell & Flachaire, Emmanuel, 2008. "The wild bootstrap, tamed at last," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 146(1), pages 162-169, September.
    19. Francisco Cribari-Neto & Wilton Silva, 2011. "A new heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator for the linear regression model," AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis, Springer;German Statistical Society, vol. 95(2), pages 129-146, June.
    20. Emmanuel Flachaire, 2005. "More Efficient Tests Robust to Heteroskedasticity of Unknown Form," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(2), pages 219-241.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cam:camdae:1957. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Jake Dyer (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.