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Do LTV and DSTI caps make banks more resilient?

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  • M. Dietsch
  • C. Welter-Nicol

Abstract

This study provides responses to the question of the effectiveness of Loan-To-Value (LTV) and Debt Service-To-Income (DSTI) caps to contribute to financial stability. Using a lender’s risk management perspective, the paper provides a new methodology extending the standard asymptotic single risk factor to a multifactor framework, the additional factors being linked to LTV or DSTI tranches. On the basis of a unique database containing 850 896 individual housing loans, the results demonstrate the efficiency of credit standards which constrain the households’ indebtedness. On average, credit risk tends to grow in line with the increase of LTV and DSTI tranches. But our findings show also that the relationship between the risk’s growth and the ratios’ growth is not monotonic. Portfolio credit risk culminates in tranches close to the 100% LTV and the 35% DSTI thresholds. This has implications for the calibration of LTV and DSTI caps in a macroprudential perspective.

Suggested Citation

  • M. Dietsch & C. Welter-Nicol, 2014. "Do LTV and DSTI caps make banks more resilient?," Débats économiques et financiers 13, Banque de France.
    • Handle: RePEc:bfr:decfin:13
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    3. Dietsch, M. & Welter-Nicol, C., 2016. "Down payment and indebtedness ratios:how French banks limit their mortgage risks," Rue de la Banque, Banque de France, issue 21, March..
    4. Anna Grodecka, 2020. "On the Effectiveness of Loan‐to‐Value Regulation in a Multiconstraint Framework," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 52(5), pages 1231-1270, August.
    5. Lavrič, Mitja & Lenarčič, Črt, 2024. "Why is the LSTI ratio increasing? Explaining factors of synthetic LSTI dynamics," MPRA Paper 122036, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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    7. Gaudêncio, João & Mazany, Agnieszka & Schwarz, Claudia, 2019. "The impact of lending standards on default rates of residential real estate loans," Occasional Paper Series 220, European Central Bank.
    8. Jan Klacso, 2024. "Estimating Macro DSTI for Selected EU Countries," Working and Discussion Papers WP 3/2024, Research Department, National Bank of Slovakia.
    9. Patrick van Roy & Gaia Barbic & Anne Koban & Charalampos Kouratzoglou, 2017. "Use of credit registers to monitor financial stability risks: A cross-country application to sectoral risk," IFC Bulletins chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Data needs and Statistics compilation for macroprudential analysis, volume 46, Bank for International Settlements.
    10. Kelly, Jane & Mazza, Elena, 2019. "Mortgage servicing burdens and LTI caps," Financial Stability Notes 13/FS/19, Central Bank of Ireland.
    11. B. Camara & F.-D. Castellani & H. Fraisse & L. Frey & C. Héam & L. Labonne & V. Martin, 2015. "MERCURE : A Macroprudential Stress Testing Model developed at the ACPR," Débats économiques et financiers 19, Banque de France.
    12. Lojschova, Adriana & Wagner, Karin & Schmidt, Alexander & Akantziliotou, Calliope & Dujardin, Marine & Kennedy, Gerard & Pontuch, Peter, 2015. "Report on residential real estate and financial stability in the EU, Section 1. on Structural features of residential real estate markets," MPRA Paper 79723, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Matthias Thiemann & Bart Stellinga, 2023. "Between technocracy and politics: How financial stability committees shape precautionary interventions in real estate markets," Regulation & Governance, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(2), pages 531-548, April.
    14. Nataliya Barasinska & Philipp Haenle & Anne Koban & Alexander Schmidt, 2023. "No Reason to Worry About German Mortgages? An Analysis of Macroeconomic and Individual Drivers of Credit Risk," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 64(3), pages 369-399, December.
    15. Hosung Jung & Hyun Hak Kim, 2020. "Default Probability by Employment Status in South Korea," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, vol. 19(3), pages 62-84, Fall.
    16. Ranisavljević Duško & Hadžić Miroljub, 2016. "Realistic Evaluation of the Ratio: Loan-To-value – The Key to Minimising the Credit Risk," Economic Themes, Sciendo, vol. 54(3), pages 449-468, September.
    17. Ond?ej Venhoda, 2022. "Application of DSTI and DTI macroprudential policy limits to the mortgage market in the Czech Republic for the year 2022," International Journal of Economic Sciences, European Research Center, vol. 11(1), pages 105-116, April.
    18. Barasinska, Nataliya & Haenle, Philipp & Koban, Anne & Schmidt, Alexander, 2019. "Stress testing the German mortgage market," Discussion Papers 17/2019, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    19. J. Hombert & V. Lyonnet, 2017. "Intergenerational Risk Sharing in Life Insurance: Evidence from France," Débats économiques et financiers 30, Banque de France.
    20. Piotr Banbula & Arkadiusz Kotula & Joanna Gabriela Przeworska & Pawel Strzelecki, 2016. "Which households are really financially distressed: how micro data could inform the macroprudential policy," IFC Bulletins chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Combining micro and macro data for financial stability analysis, volume 41, Bank for International Settlements.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    thousing finance; Loan-to-Value; Debt service to Income; credit risk; economic capital.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R31 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Housing Supply and Markets
    • R38 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Government Policy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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