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Determinantes del acceso al crédito formal e informal: Evidencia de los hogares de ingresos medios y bajos en Colombia

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Abstract

Este documento proporciona evidencia empírica sobre los determinantes de la probabilidad de que un hogar tenga crédito, con el sector formal o informal, tanto en zonas urbanas como rurales, para lo cual se utiliza información de la Encuesta Longitudinal Colombiana de la Universidad de los Andes. También, se analizan los posibles factores que afectan la probabilidad de que los hogares se encuentren atrasados en el pago de sus créditos. Los resultados indican que la probabilidad de que un hogar tenga crédito está relacionada positivamente con el hecho de que el jefe del hogar esté casado, con el nivel educativo, el nivel de ingreso, el tamaño del hogar, la propiedad de la vivienda y la participación laboral. En particular, las estimaciones indican que el ingreso y la educación tienen una correlación positiva con la probabilidad de tener crédito formal y negativa con la probabilidad de tener crédito informal. Finalmente, los choques que tienen un efecto directo sobre el ingreso de las familias y eventos inesperados aumentan la probabilidad de estar en mora. *** This paper studies the effects of an in utero program on birth outcomes addressed to vulnerable pregnant women. We use information from the Buen Comienzo program, an initiative run by the local government of Medellin, the second largest city of Colombia. In order to identify the effects we obtain matching estimates using data from program participants and the census of birth statistics. We find that the program increased the birth weight of participant children by 0.09 and 0.23 standard deviations for boys and girls, respectively, and reduced the prevalence of low birth weight by 2.6 and 4.6 ppts for boys and girls, respectively. In terms of size, the program reduces the incidence of being short by 3 and 4 ppts, for boys and girls, respectively. The program also significantly reduced preterm births between 3 and 8 ppts. We also provide evidence of the existence of heterogeneous effects depending on a mother’s exposure to the program and her frequency of attendance. Finally, an estimate of the cost-benefit ratio of the program suggests that its benefits could be 2 to 6 times its costs, respectively for boys and girls born from participant mothers with early exposure to the program.

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  • Ana María Iregui-Bohórquez & Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo & Ana María Tribín-Uribe, 2016. "Determinantes del acceso al crédito formal e informal: Evidencia de los hogares de ingresos medios y bajos en Colombia," Borradores de Economia 956, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:956
    DOI: 10.32468/be.956
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    Cited by:

    1. Edwin Arbey Hernández García & Andrés Felipe Oviedo Gómez, 2016. "Mercado del crédito informal en Colombia: una aproximación empírica," Ensayos de Economía 15539, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín.
    2. María Victoria Landaberry, 2018. "Determinants of Households’ Default Probability in Uruguay," Investigación Conjunta-Joint Research, in: María José Roa García & Diana Mejía (ed.), Financial Decisions of Households and Financial Inclusion: Evidence for Latin America and the Caribbean, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 14, pages 463-506, Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos, CEMLA.
    3. Tumini, Lucía & Cuccaro, Laura Muriel & Sangiácomo, Máximo, 2022. "El crédito formal en la Argentina: un análisis con perspectiva de género," Documentos de Proyectos 47813, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    4. María Victoria Landaberry, 2018. "Factores determinantes de la probabilidad de no pago de deudas de los hogares uruguayos," Investigación Conjunta-Joint Research, in: María José Roa García & Diana Mejía (ed.), Decisiones financieras de los hogares e inclusión financiera: evidencia para América Latina y el Caribe, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 14, pages 483-528, Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos, CEMLA.
    5. Bande, Roberto & Riveiro, Dolores & Ruiz, Freddy, 2021. "Does Uncertainty Affect Saving Decisions of Colombian Households? Evidence on Precautionary Saving," MPRA Paper 106771, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Ana María Iregui-Bohórquez & Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo & Ana María Tribín-Uribe, 2018. "Crédito formal e informal de los hogares en Colombia," Investigación Conjunta-Joint Research, in: María José Roa García & Diana Mejía (ed.), Decisiones financieras de los hogares e inclusión financiera: evidencia para América Latina y el Caribe, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 5, pages 133-166, Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos, CEMLA.
    7. Burgos Flórez, Marco Antonio & Portillo Riascos, Luis Hernando & Ortiz Benavides, Edinson, 2024. "Determinantes de la demanda de microcrédito formal e informal en las principales plazas de mercado de la ciudad de Pasto, año 2021," Revista Tendencias, Universidad de Narino, vol. 25(1), pages 79-108, January.
    8. María José Roa García & Diana Mejía (ed.), 2018. "Financial Decisions of Households and Financial Inclusion: Evidence for Latin America and the Caribbean," Investigación Conjunta-Joint Research, Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos, CEMLA, edition 1, volume 1, number 7en, December.
    9. Granda, Catalina & Hamann, Franz & Tamayo, Cesar E., 2019. "Credit and saving constraints in general equilibrium: A quantitative exploration," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 302-319.
    10. Lina Cardona‐Sosa & Luz Adriana Flórez & Leonardo Fabio Morales & Banco de la República, 2018. "How does the Household Labour Supply Respond to the Unemployment of the Household Head?," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 32(4), pages 174-212, December.
    11. Daisy J. Pacheco-Bernal & Santiago D. Segovia-Baquero & Ana M. Yaruro-Jaime, 2017. "Vulnerabilidades financieras de los hogares en Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1026, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    12. Tique, Evelyn Johana & Barrientos Fuentes, Juan Carlos, 2023. "Determinantes de crédito agropecuario entre productores de leche en Colombia," Economia Agraria y Recursos Naturales, Spanish Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 23(02), December.
    13. Luis Alberto Merchán Benavides, "undated". "¿Afecta la distancia de residencia a los centros urbanos la calidad en la cartera de creditos? Caso aplicado a una entidad financiera de Colombia," Vniversitas Económica 16451, Universidad Javeriana - Bogotá.
    14. Lenin Alonso Munoz Giraldo, 2021. "El sistema de crédito digital para microempresarios en Colombia," Revista CIFE, Universidad Santo Tomás, vol. 23(37), January.
    15. Ana María Iregui-Bohórquez & Ligia Alba Melo-Becerra & María Teresa Ramírez-Giraldo & Ana María Tribín-Uribe, 2018. "Formal and Informal Household Credit in Colombia," Investigación Conjunta-Joint Research, in: María José Roa García & Diana Mejía (ed.), Financial Decisions of Households and Financial Inclusion: Evidence for Latin America and the Caribbean, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 5, pages 125-156, Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos, CEMLA.
    16. Francisco Fernández López, 2017. "Impacto de la informalidad laboral sobre el acceso a crédito formal," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 47(1 y 2), pages 169-204, December.
    17. Laura Muriel Cuccaro & Máximo Sangiácomo & Lucía Tumini & Ariel Wilkis, 2023. "Does the Argentine financial system reduce or amplify the labor market’s gender gap?," Ensayos Económicos, Central Bank of Argentina, Economic Research Department, vol. 1(82), pages 52-76, November.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Deuda de los hogares; crédito formal; crédito informal; mora; Colombia. *** household debt; formal credit; informal credit; credit default; Colombia.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C25 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • R22 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Other Demand

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