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Connecting the Dots: Renewable Energy, Economic Growth, Reforestation, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Colombia

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  • Juan David Alonso-Sanabria
  • Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia
  • Daniel Parra-Amado

Abstract

This study aims to establish a comprehensive linkage between CO2 emissions and the composition of energy sources, economic growth, and reforestation, thereby shedding light on their intricate connections in Colombia over the period 1970-2018. First, we use different types of energy consumption including non-renewable, renewable, and hydroelectric sources. As expected, our findings reveal a noteworthy effect of non-renewable sources that lead to increased emissions, while renewable sources help mitigate those emissions. Second, the preservation of forested areas plays a crucial role in mitigating CO2 emissions. Third, the agricultural sector significantly contributes to the rise in emissions, encompassing both crops and livestock, a characteristic often observed in emerging economies. Moreover, in the long-run equilibrium, we find real GDP show the characteristic inverted U-shaped pattern commonly linked with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. **** RESUMEN: Este estudio tiene como objetivo establecer los vínculos y las relaciones de largo plazo entre las emisiones de CO2 y la composición de las fuentes de energía, el crecimiento económico y la reforestación para Colombia durante el período 1970-2018. Primero, usamos diferentes tipos de consumo de energía, incluyendo aquellas fuentes no renovables, renovables e hidroeléctricas. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren, como se esperaba, que hay un efecto significativo de las fuentes no renovables asociado al incremento de las emisiones, mientras que aquellas fuentes renovables ayudan a mitigar dichas emisiones. Segundo, encontramos que la reforestación juega un papel crucial en la mitigación de las emisiones de CO2. Tercero, el sector agrícola contribuye significativamente al aumento de las emisiones (cultivos y ganadería), lo cual es una característica que se observa frecuentemente en las economías emergentes. Adicionalmente, en el equilibrio a largo plazo, encontramos que el PIB real muestra el patrón característico en forma de U invertida comúnmente relacionado con la hipótesis de la curva ambiental de Kuznets (EKC).

Suggested Citation

  • Juan David Alonso-Sanabria & Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia & Daniel Parra-Amado, 2023. "Connecting the Dots: Renewable Energy, Economic Growth, Reforestation, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1252, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1252
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1252
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    CO2 emissions; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Renewable energy; Energy consumption; Emisiones de CO2; Hipótesis de la Curva de Kuznets Ambiental; Energía renovable; Consumo de energía; FMOLS;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • E20 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • Q20 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - General

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