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Does Geographical Complexity of Colombian Financial Conglomerates Increase Banks' Risk? The Role of Diversification, Regulatory Arbitrage and Funding Costs

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  • Pamela Cardozo

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

  • Paola Morales-Acevedo
  • Andrés Murcia

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

  • Beatriz Pacheco

Abstract

During the last decade Colombian international financial conglomerates (IFC) expanded abroad, significantly increasing their geographical complexity. This paper analyzes the effect of this change in geographical complexity on the risk level of individual Colombian banks. We use monthly bank-level data on financial indicators and complexity measures for the period 2007- 2018. We use the Z-score as a measure of bank risk and the number of countries in which a Colombian IFC has foreign banks subsidiaries as a measure of geographical complexity. Our results suggest that complexity is associated with higher levels of individual bank risk, as a result of an expansion to countries with large GDP co-movements and lower regulatory qualities. In addition, we find that banks with access to international funding respond differently to monetary policy changes. In particular, during periods of domestic monetary policy tightening (loosening), individual banks of complex IFCs present higher (lower) levels of risk, suggesting that the monetary policy risk taking channel is affected by the level of geographical complexity. **** RESUMEN: Durante la última década, los conglomerados financieros colombianos se han expandido internacionalmente aumentando significativamente su grado de complejidad geográfica. Aprovechando esta notoria expansión, este documento analiza el efecto de la complejidad geográfica de los Conglomerados Financieros Internacionales (CFI) en el nivel de riesgo de los bancos colombianos. Para el análisis, empleamos datos mensuales a nivel bancario sobre indicadores financieros y medidas de complejidad para el período 2007-2018. Utilizamos la métrica del Z-Score como una medida del riesgo bancario y el número de países en los que un CFI colombiano tiene filiales de bancos extranjeros como medida de complejidad geográfica. Nuestros resultados sugieren que una mayor complejidad geográfica está asociada con niveles más altos de riesgo bancario. Los canales por los cuales se da esta relación están asociados con unas altas correlaciones en el ciclo económico de los países a los cuales los CFI se expandieron, así como con menores niveles de calidad regulatoria en esos países. Además, encontramos que los bancos con acceso a fuentes internacionales responden de manera diferente a los cambios en la política monetaria. En particular, durante los períodos de endurecimiento (relajamiento) de la política monetaria interna, los bancos individuales de IFC más complejos presentan niveles de riesgo más altos (más bajos), lo que sugiere que el nivel de complejidad geográfica afecta el canal de toma de riesgos de la política monetaria.

Suggested Citation

  • Pamela Cardozo & Paola Morales-Acevedo & Andrés Murcia & Beatriz Pacheco, 2020. "Does Geographical Complexity of Colombian Financial Conglomerates Increase Banks' Risk? The Role of Diversification, Regulatory Arbitrage and Funding Costs," Borradores de Economia 1110, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1110
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.32468/be.1110
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    bank risk; geographical complexity; monetary policy; riesgo bancario; complejidad geográfica; política monetaria;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • F65 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Finance
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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