IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/bdr/borrec/080.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Eficiencia, Equidad y Reestructuración Sectorial del Gasto Público Social

Author

Listed:
  • Carlos Eduardo Vélez

Abstract

Es muy arriesgado suponer que la distribución sectorial del gasto público social corriente en los países en desarrollo es socialmente óptima. No obstante, sería también insensato pretender alterar completamente-y en el corto plazo- su distribución intersectorial con base en un análisis normativo. A partir de un statu quo subóptimo y siguiendo la idea básica de la teoría de la reforma impositiva, se puede preguntar por los cambios que en el margen rinden los mayores retornos en términos de bienestar social. Esto es, seleccionar el sector o los sectores donde se pueden lograr mayores incrementos de utilidad par cambios marginales del gasto. El presente artículo busca contestar esta pregunta con base en un modelo estático de dos sectores sociales -salud y eduacación- donde existe provisión tanto pública como privada y una población diferenciada por clases de ingreso. Se pretende utilizar la asiganción intersectorial del consumo de servicios sociales por parte de los individuos de ingresos medios y altos como señales de eficiencia para la asignación del gasto público marginal. El análisis permite derivar la asignación intersectorial óptima del gasto público marginal. El análisis permite derivar la asignación intersectorial óptima del gasto social adicional y, ademas, el sector prioritario para incrementar el servicio debe contar inicialmente con la mayor diferencia relativa de probabilidad de acceso entre los grupos de altos y bajos ingresos. Aplicando estos criterios al caso colombiano se encuentra que -si se controlan los costos unitarios de los servicios - se pueden lograr las metas ambiciosas de cobertura con expansiones marginales del gasto que requeririan esfuerzos fiscales moderados y traerían consigo reducciones de la desigualdad con un mayor impacto marginal al observado para el gasto social corriente en 1992. Además, los sectores donde se requieren acciones mas urgentes son en su orden cuidado al menor, salud, secundaria y primaria. No obstante -en el mediano plazo- una vez resueltos el grueso de los problemas en la educación primaria, el sector prioritario sería secundaria.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Eduardo Vélez, 1997. "Eficiencia, Equidad y Reestructuración Sectorial del Gasto Público Social," Borradores de Economia 080, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:080
    DOI: 10.32468/be.80
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.32468/be.80
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.32468/be.80?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Flug, Karnit & Spilimbergo, Antonio & Wachtenheim, Erik, 1998. "Investment in education: do economic volatility and credit constraints matter?," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 465-481, April.
    2. Birdsall, Nancy & Londono, Juan Luis, 1997. "Asset Inequality Matters: An Assessment of the World Bank's Approach to Poverty Reduction," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 87(2), pages 32-37, May.
    3. Alberto Alesina & Dani Rodrik, 1994. "Distributive Politics and Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 109(2), pages 465-490.
    4. Carlos Eduardo Vélez, 1994. "La magnitud y la incidencia del gasto público social en Colombia," Coyuntura Social 13231, Fedesarrollo.
    5. Bruno, Michael, 1976. "Equality, complementarity and the incidence of public expenditures," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 6(4), pages 395-407, November.
    6. Persson, Torsten & Tabellini, Guido, 1994. "Is Inequality Harmful for Growth?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 84(3), pages 600-621, June.
    7. Medina, Carlos Alberto & Vélez, Carlos Eduardo, 1996. "Cobertura desigual de los servicios sociales y potencial redistributivo del gasto social: el caso colombiano," Sede de la CEPAL en Santiago (Estudios e Investigaciones) 34262, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    8. Besley, Timothy & Kanbur, Ravi, 1990. "The principles of targeting," Policy Research Working Paper Series 385, The World Bank.
    9. Feldstein, Martin, 1976. "On the theory of tax reform," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 6(1-2), pages 77-104.
    10. Carlos A. Medina D. & Hernando Moreno G., 1995. "Desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso urbano en Colombia: un análisis de descomposición del coeficiente Gini," Coyuntura Social 13224, Fedesarrollo.
    11. Carlos Gerardo Molina & Eduardo Lora Torres & Miguel Urrutia, 1992. "Un plan de desarrollo humano de largo plazo para Colombia," Coyuntura Social 13252, Fedesarrollo.
    12. George R. Zodrow, 2019. "Optimal Tax Reform in the Presence of Adjustment Costs," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: George R Zodrow (ed.), TAXATION IN THEORY AND PRACTICE Selected Essays of George R. Zodrow, chapter 2, pages 33-58, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    13. Kenneth J. Arrow, 1971. "A Utilitarian Approach to the Concept of Equality in Public Expenditures," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 85(3), pages 409-415.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nancy Birdsall, 2008. "Income Distribution: Effects on Growth and Development," Chapters, in: Amitava Krishna Dutt & Jaime Ros (ed.), International Handbook of Development Economics, Volumes 1 & 2, volume 0, chapter 48, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Ricardo Fort, 2007. "Land inequality and economic growth: a dynamic panel data approach," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 37(2‐3), pages 159-165, September.
    3. François Bourguignon & Francisco de Hollanda Guimarães Ferreira, 2000. "Understanding inequality in Brazil: a conceptual overview," Textos para discussão 434, Department of Economics PUC-Rio (Brazil).
    4. Enea Baselgia & Reto Foellmi, 2022. "Inequality and growth: a review on a great open debate in economics," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2022-5, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    5. Julio Huato, 2023. "Inequality and Growth: A Two-Player Dynamic Game with Production and Appropriation," Papers 2304.01855, arXiv.org.
    6. Petra Sauer & Martin Zagler, 2014. "(In)equality in Education and Economic Development," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 60(S2), pages 353-379, November.
    7. Martin Ravallion, 2013. "The Idea of Antipoverty Policy," NBER Working Papers 19210, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Eduardo Wiesner, 2008. "The Political Economy of Macroeconomic Policy Reform in Latin America," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 12913, December.
    9. Ademola Obafemi Young, 2019. "Growth Impacts of Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence From Nigeria," Research in World Economy, Research in World Economy, Sciedu Press, vol. 10(3), pages 226-262, December.
    10. Vollrath, Dietrich, 2008. "Wealth Distribution and the Provision of Public Goods: Evidence from the United States," MPRA Paper 11534, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Gravier-Rymaszewska, Joanna & Tyrowicz, Joanna & Kochanowicz, Jacek, 2010. "Intra-provincial inequalities and economic growth in China," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 237-258, September.
    12. Philip Nel, 2006. "When Can the Rabble Redistribute? Democratization and Income Distribution in Low- and Middle-income Countries," Working Papers 43, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    13. Birdsall, Nancy & O'Connell, Lesley & Londoño de la Cuesta, Juan Luis, 1998. "Education in Latin America: demand and distribution are factors that matter," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
    14. Stefano Pettinato, 2002. "A Conceptual Primer on the Currents and Trends in Inequality," Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(1), pages 23-56.
    15. Ravallion, Martin, 2001. "Growth, Inequality and Poverty: Looking Beyond Averages," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 29(11), pages 1803-1815, November.
    16. Angelica Sbardella & Emanuele Pugliese & Luciano Pietronero, 2017. "Economic development and wage inequality: A complex system analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(9), pages 1-26, September.
    17. Lubimov, I.L. (Любимов, И.Л.), 2016. "Inequality and Growth: Theoretical Aspects of Dependence [Неравенство И Экономический Рост: Теоретические Аспекты Зависимости]," Working Papers 2042, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
    18. John Hassler & José Rodríguez Mora & Joseph Zeira, 2007. "Inequality and mobility," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 235-259, September.
    19. Muhammad Qasim & Zahid Pervaiz & Amatul Razzaq Chaudhary, 2020. "Do Poverty and Income Inequality Mediate the Association Between Agricultural Land Inequality and Human Development?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 151(1), pages 115-134, August.
    20. Martin Baur, 2010. "Politics and Income Distribution," Chapters, in: Neri Salvadori (ed.), Institutional and Social Dynamics of Growth and Distribution, chapter 3, Edward Elgar Publishing.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:080. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Clorith Angélica Bahos Olivera (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/brcgvco.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.