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Desarrollo del Sistema Financiero y Crecimiento Económico

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  • Andrés Carvajal
  • Hernando Zuleta

Abstract

Desde la propuesta de Schumpeter (1911)(1)de que los servicios prestados por el sistema financiero son importantes para la promoción de la innovación tecnológica y el crecimiento económico(2). ha existido un relativo consenso entre los economistas en el sentido de que el desarrollo del sistema es importante para el crecimiento de largo plazo. A pesar de ello, en la teoría del crecimiento no se han incorporado con suficiente relevancia estas relaciones. En el plano empírico las primeras evaluaciones de esta hipótesis se llevaron a cabo en la década de los setenta - Goldsmith (1969)(3), McKinnon (1973)(4) y Shaw (1973)(5), para muestras pequeñas de países, con resultados que apoyaban la idea de que la mejor estructuración financiera de una economía acelera el crecimiento. Por supuesto, las simples relaciones empíricas resultaban cuestionables en tanto carecían de fundamentación teórica(6). Desarrollos recientes han presentado modelos de crecimiento en los que la intermediación financiera afecta la tasa de crecimiento (endógeno) del PIB percápita en el largo plazo, y de ellos se extrae la lección de que las políticas de represión al sistema financiero, o la excesiva intermediación en sus funciones tienen efectos nocivos de largo plazo. Este trabajo busca evaluar la hipótesis teórica de que el mejor desarrollo del sistema financiero estimula el crecimiento económico de largo plazo. En esta dirección, el trabajo se divide en seis partes, la primera de las cuales es esta introducción. En la segunda de ellas, se revisa la principal literatura en relación con esta hipótesis. En la tercera se introduce el sistema financiero en in modelo de crecimiento de largo plazo, partiendo del conocido modelo de Ramsey y luego introduciendo consideraciones sobre la productividad marginal del capital, la utilidad marginal del dinero y el señoreaje. En la cuarta parte, se resume la evidencia internacional recogida en la literatura y luego se hace un ejercicio econométrico sencillo para eva
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Suggested Citation

  • Andrés Carvajal & Hernando Zuleta, 1997. "Desarrollo del Sistema Financiero y Crecimiento Económico," Borradores de Economia 067, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:067
    DOI: 10.32468/be.67
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Romer, Paul M, 1986. "Increasing Returns and Long-run Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 94(5), pages 1002-1037, October.
    2. Valerie R. Bencivenga & Bruce D. Smith, 1991. "Financial Intermediation and Endogenous Growth," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 58(2), pages 195-209.
    3. Granger, C. W. J., 1988. "Causality, cointegration, and control," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 12(2-3), pages 551-559.
    4. Greenwood, Jeremy & Jovanovic, Boyan, 1990. "Financial Development, Growth, and the Distribution of Income," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(5), pages 1076-1107, October.
    5. Robert J. Barro, 1991. "Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 106(2), pages 407-443.
    6. Pagano, Marco, 1993. "Financial markets and growth: An overview," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 37(2-3), pages 613-622, April.
    7. Klaus Neusser & Maurice Kugler, 1998. "Manufacturing Growth And Financial Development: Evidence From Oecd Countries," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 80(4), pages 638-646, November.
    8. Olivier Jean Blanchard & Stanley Fischer, 1989. "Lectures on Macroeconomics," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262022834, April.
    9. Roubini, N. & Sala-I-Martin, X., 1991. "Financial development , the Trade Regime and Economic Growth," Papers 646, Yale - Economic Growth Center.
    10. Robert M. Townsend, 1978. "Intermediation with Costly Bilateral Exchange," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 45(3), pages 417-425.
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    1. Constanza Martínez Ventura, 2008. "The Effects of Financial Intermediation on Colombian Economic Growth," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 26(57), pages 250-280, December.
    2. Luz Adriana Flórez & Carlos Esteban Posada & José Fernando Escobar, 2005. "Crédito y depósitos bancarios en Colombia (1990-2004): una relación de largo plazo," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 23(48), pages 12-63, Junio.
    3. Catalina Delgado González, 2004. "Inversión y restricciones crediticias en Colombia en la década de los noventa," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 22(47), pages 8-55, December.
    4. Jorge M. Uribe & Julián Fernández, 2014. "Riesgo sistémico en el mercado de acciones colombiano: alternativas de diversificación bajo eventos extremos," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, August.
    5. Alejandro Ramírez Vigoya & Laura Cristancho, 2010. "Eficiencia en el Sector Financiero Colombiano en el Periodo 1995-2008," Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, December.
    6. Michel Janna Gandur, 2003. "Eficiencia en Costos,Cambios en las Condiciones Generales del Mercado y Crisis en la Banca Colombiana: 1992-2002," Borradores de Economia 260, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    7. Harold A. Padilla Villa & Lorenzo D. Zanello Riva, 2013. "Relación entre penetración financiera y crecimiento económico. El caso colombiano en el periodo 2001-2010," Revista de Economía del Caribe 14733, Universidad del Norte.
    8. Camilo Zea, 1999. "Financial Inefficiency And Real Business Cycle In Colombia," Borradores de Economia 2722, Banco de la Republica.

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