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GOVERNMENT DEBT AND DEFICITS IN CANADA: A Macro Simulation Analysis

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  • Tiff Macklem
  • David Rose
  • Robert Tetlow

Abstract

This paper examines the macroeconomic implications of rising government debt in Canada and the short-run costs and long-run benefits of stemming the rise. The discussion begins with an evaluation of the long-run consequences of increasing government indebtedness, first based on the simple arithmetic of the government's long-run budget constraint, and then based on simulations of the Bank of Canada's main model of the Canadian economy, which incorporates several channels through which government debt may affect real economic activity. The principal conclusion is that the main economic cost of higher government debt is a lower sustainable level of domestic consumption. Simulations with the full dynamic model highlight the trade-off of short-run loss for long-run gain presented by deficit reduction. There are important short-run costs of stemming a rise in debt. However, the results of this paper show that substantial net gains are obtained from doing so, since the present value of the permanent long-term gains in consumption far outweigh these short-term costs. The simulations also suggest that a fiscal contraction would require an easing of monetary conditions relative to what they would have otherwise been to maintain an inflation target. Les auteurs examinent les repercussions macroeconomiques de l'accroissement de la dette publique au Canada ainsi que les avantages et les inconvenients qui sont lies, a long et a court terme respectivement, a une deceleration de cette derniere. Les auteurs commencent par evaluer les consequences a long terme d'un accroissement de l'endettement du secteur public en s'appuyant d'abord sur un calcul simple de la contrainte budgetaire a long terme du secteur public, puis sur des simulations effectuees a l'aide du principal modele que la Banque utilise pour representer l'economie canadienne. Ce modele incorpore differents mecanismes permettant a la dette du secteur public d'influer sur l'activite economique reelle. La principale conclusion que tirent les auteurs est qu'une baisse permanente du niveau de la consommation interieure constitue le plus important cout economique que peut engendrer l'accroissement de l'endettement du secteur public. Les simulations effectuees a l'aide du modele dynamique complet font ressortir l'arbitrage qui existe entre les pertes a court terme et les gains a long terme decoulant d'une reduction du deficit et indiquent que les couts a court terme d'une deceleration de la dette sont importants. La presente etude montre toutefois qu'un tel ralentissement donne lieu a des gains nets substantiels, etant donne que la valeur actuelle de l'accroissement permanent a long terme de la consommation est de loin superieure aux couts a court terme. Les simulations laissent egalement supposer qu'un resserrement de la politique budgetaire necessiterait des conditions monetaires plus souples que ce ne serait le cas si une cible de reduction de l'inflation etait maintenue.

Suggested Citation

  • Tiff Macklem & David Rose & Robert Tetlow, "undated". "GOVERNMENT DEBT AND DEFICITS IN CANADA: A Macro Simulation Analysis," Staff Working Papers 95-4, Bank of Canada.
  • Handle: RePEc:bca:bocawp:95-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Nopphadon Buranathanung & Chaipat Poonpatpibul, 2002. "External Debt Dynamics and Current Account Sustainability," Working Papers 2002-03, Monetary Policy Group, Bank of Thailand.
    2. Leo Butler, 1996. "The Bank of Canada's New Quarterly Porjection Model Part 4 : A Semi- Structural Method to Estimate Potential Output : Combining Economic Theory with a Time-Series Filter," Technical Reports 77, Bank of Canada.
    3. Robert Lavigne, 2006. "The Institutional and Political Determinants of Fiscal Adjustment," Staff Working Papers 06-1, Bank of Canada.
    4. Denise Côté & Christopher Graham, 2004. "Convergence of Government Bond Yields in the Euro Zone: The Role of Policy Harmonization," Staff Working Papers 04-23, Bank of Canada.
    5. Jean-François Fillion, 1996. "L'endettement du Canada et ses effets sur les taux d'interet reels de long term," Staff Working Papers 96-14, Bank of Canada.
    6. William Scarth, 1999. "Alternatives for Raising Living Standards," Department of Economics Working Papers 1999-08, McMaster University.
    7. Lavigne, Robert, 2011. "The political and institutional determinants of fiscal adjustment: Entering and exiting fiscal distress," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 17-35, March.
    8. António Afonso, 2000. "Fiscal policy sustainability: some unpleasant European evidence," Working Papers Department of Economics 2000/12, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Universidade de Lisboa.
    9. Noppadol Buranathanung & Chaipat Poonpatpibul, 2003. "External Debt Dynamics and Current Account Sustainability," Working Papers 2003-10, Monetary Policy Group, Bank of Thailand.
    10. William Scarth, 1999. "Alternatives for Raising Living Standards," Social and Economic Dimensions of an Aging Population Research Papers 5, McMaster University.
    11. William Scarth, 1999. "Alternatives for Raising Living Standards," Quantitative Studies in Economics and Population Research Reports 344, McMaster University.

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