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Les banques de développement peuvent-elles relever le défi du développement durable ?

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  • Régis MARODON

Abstract

Les grands sujets planétaires, dont le climat, la perte de la nature et la solidarité entre les êtres humains font parties, appellent des actions concertées à tous les niveaux, à l’échelle des problèmes. Cette transformation, qui nécessite une mobilisation de tous les acteurs, ne peut pas se réaliser du jour au lendemain. Elle passe par une période de transition, pour permettre aux acteurs de bâtir des modèles socioéconomiques en phase avec cette vision. Alors que le multilatéralisme est à la peine pour relever ces défis, les banques publiques de développement (BPD), qu’elles soient actives dans un périmètre local, national, continental ou international, peuvent coopérer et participer à la recherche de ces modèles économiques et sociaux porteurs d’avenirs. En s’appuyant sur leur fonction duale de financeur public mais aussi de force de mobilisation de la finance privée, elles doivent se doter d’outils et d’indicateurs qui leur permettent de sélectionner et de soutenir de façon privilégiée les opérations faiblement émissives de carbone. Elles doivent mettre en place une grille d’analyse « développement durable » pour sélectionner les opérations sur d’autres critères que purement financiers et, si nécessaire, allonger la durée des crédits pour les opérations à fort impact. Elles doivent aussi garantir qu’aucun de leurs financements n’est susceptible d’encourager des activités allant à l’encontre de la réalisation des objectifs du développement durable, notamment le climat et la nature. Le présent document explore les raisons pour lesquels les banques de développement peuvent assurer un rôle moteur pour favoriser la transition vers le développement durable. Il propose cinq recommandations pour les décideurs afin de favoriser les conditions de la réussite.Ce papier de recherche est publié dans le cadre des groupes de travail de l'International Research Initiative on Public Development Banks, et à l'occasion de la 14ème conférence internationale de recherche de l’AFD sur le développement.Réaliser le potentiel des banques publiques de développement pour atteindre les objectifs de développement durable, c’est l’ambition du programme de recherche lancé par l'Institut de la nouvelle économie structurelle de l'université de Pékin (INSE), et soutenu par l’Agence française de développement, la Fondation Ford et l’International Development Finance Club (IDFC).Consulter la synthèse pour un aperçu rapide de ce travail et des résultats de rechercheVisionner le pitch vidéo

Suggested Citation

  • Régis MARODON, 2020. "Les banques de développement peuvent-elles relever le défi du développement durable ?," Working Paper 8eb18544-95bf-404e-bbfe-e, Agence française de développement.
  • Handle: RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr11701
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    • Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics

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