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Analisis del sistema panameno de investigacion agropecuaria

Author

Listed:
  • Ekboir, Javier M.
  • de Herrera, Adys Pereira
  • Becerra, Franklin

Abstract

Panamá tiene una economía dual con unas pocas actividades altamente competitivas y otras que se desarrollaron gracias a políticas de sustitución de importaciones. Estas políticas influyeron sobre el sistema público de investigación. Durante 15 años, los objetivos más importantes de este sistema fueron el apoyo a productores que vendían en el mercado interno y el fomento de las actividades tradicionales de exportación. La competitividad y la comercialización no eran relevantes. Así, las instituciones de investigación desarrollaron programas para los productos tradicionales de los pequeños y medianos productores (granos básicos y ganadería). La estabilidad de las políticas proteccionistas y el deficiente control de la calidad de la investigación permitieron el mantenimiento de programas de trabajo poco relevantes. Al mismo tiempo, las instituciones de investigación y transferencia se organizaron en base a la concepción lineal de la ciencia, que desincentivaba interacciones fuera de las instituciones. Estas políticas se agotaron en la década del 80 y forzaron la implementación de programas de ajuste estructural. En el nuevo entorno las exportaciones se diversificaron gracias a una activa participación del sector privado. La mayor parte de las tecnologías para los productos no tradicionales fue importada. Las instituciones públicas de investigación tuvieron una participación limitada en el desarrollo de tecnologías para estos productos, limitándose a investigaciones relativamente sencillas. Las transformaciones de la economía indujeron la aparición de nuevos agentes innovadores, nuevas fuentes de financiamiento de la investigación y nuevas demandas. En general, las instituciones públicas no han podido adaptarse al entorno más dinámico por la falta de experiencia en la interacción con otros agentes (privados o públicos), por dificultades para adaptarse a cambios externos y porque las modificaciones en los incentivos ofrecidos a investigadores y administradores se han limitado a aspectos de financiamiento, sin considerar el resto de los estímulos, especialmente la calidad de las investigaciones y las interacciones con otros agentes del sistema de innovación. El futuro de las exportaciones agropecuarias está comprometido por la creciente competencia internacional, por la vulnerabilidad de la producción agropecuaria a la aparición de nuevos problemas técnicos, por problemas en las estructuras de comercialización y por la debilidad del sistema nacional de innovación. El fortalecimiento del sistema de innovación requiere rediseñar los sistemas de investigación y extensión, para crear nuevas interacciones con otros agentes e introducir nuevos incentivos a los investigadores y administradores de la investigación.

Suggested Citation

  • Ekboir, Javier M. & de Herrera, Adys Pereira & Becerra, Franklin, 2003. "Analisis del sistema panameno de investigacion agropecuaria," Economics Working Papers 7679, CIMMYT: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:cimmew:7679
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.7679
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ekboir, Javier M. & Boa, Kofi & Dankyi, A.A., 2002. "Impact Of No-Till Technologies In Ghana," Economics Program Papers 23721, CIMMYT: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.
    2. Wallace E. Huffman & Richard E. Just, 2000. "Setting Efficient Incentives for Agricultural Research: Lessons from Principal-Agent Theory," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 82(4), pages 828-841.
    3. Forbes, Naushad & Wield, David, 2000. "Managing R&D in technology-followers," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(9), pages 1095-1109, December.
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