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El multiplicador fiscal en Argentina. Evaluando la relevancia del contexto macroeconómico

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  • Borgo Julián

Abstract

El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar el multiplicador del gasto público en Argentina y analizar si la magnitud del mismo depende del contexto macroeconómico. En particular, se evalúa si un shock de gasto público tiene impactos distintos sobre el producto según: i) la fase del ciclo económico, ii) el régimen de tipo de cambio, iii) el grado de apertura comercial y iv) el nivel de endeudamiento público. Utilizando la metodología de proyecciones locales de Jordà (2005) y las series macroeconómicas del país entre 1993 y 2020, los principales resultados indican que en promedio el multiplicador del gasto público en Argentina es reducido, menor a 1. Además, i) no se encuentran efectos distintos de un shock fiscal entre la fase recesiva y expansiva del ciclo económico; ii) durante el período de tipo de cambio fijo (Convertibilidad) la política fiscal fue significativamente más efectiva, alcanzando un multiplicador mayor a 2; iii) se encuentra un multiplicador levemente mayor en el corto plazo cuando la economía es más cerrada, aunque la diferencia se elimina luego de pocos trimestres; iv) el multiplicador es levemente superior en el corto plazo cuando la deuda pública es reducida, aunque nuevamente la diferencia deja de ser significativa luego de pocos trimestres.

Suggested Citation

  • Borgo Julián, 2024. "El multiplicador fiscal en Argentina. Evaluando la relevancia del contexto macroeconómico," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4712, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
  • Handle: RePEc:aep:anales:4712
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    JEL classification:

    • E3 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
    • E6 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook

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