Report NEP-MAC-2020-05-18
This is the archive for NEP-MAC, a report on new working papers in the area of Macroeconomics. Soumitra K Mallick issued this report. It is usually issued weekly.Subscribe to this report: email, RSS, or Mastodon, or Bluesky.
Other reports in NEP-MAC
The following items were announced in this report:
- Gabriele Galati & Jan Kakes & Richhild Moessner, 2020. "Effects of credit restrictions in the Netherlands and lessons for macroprudential policy," Working Papers 679, DNB.
- Marcin Kolasa & Michał Rubaszek & Małgorzata Walerych, 2019. "Are flexible working hours helpful in stabilizing unemployment?," NBP Working Papers 319, Narodowy Bank Polski.
- Paweł Baranowski & Wirginia Doryń & Tomasz Łyziak & Ewa Stanisławska, 2020. "Words and deeds in managing expectations: empirical evidence on an inflation targeting economy," NBP Working Papers 326, Narodowy Bank Polski.
- Sasaki, Hiroaki & Asada, Yasukuni, 2020. "Quantifying Goodwin Growth Cycles with Minimum Wage Shares," MPRA Paper 99926, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Giovanni Nicolo, 2020. "Monetary Policy, Self-Fulfilling Expectations and the U.S. Business Cycle," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2020-035, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
- Christopher D. Cotton, 2020. "The Inflation Target and the Equilibrium Real Rate," Working Papers 20-2, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
- Afees A. Salisu & Rangan Gupta, 2020. "Dynamic Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks on Macroeconomic Volatility in the United Kingdom," Working Papers 202041, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
- Sylvain Leduc & Zheng Liu, 2020. "Can Pandemic-Induced Job Uncertainty Stimulate Automation?," Working Paper Series 2020-19, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
- Oguzhan Cepni & Rangan Gupta, 2020. "Time-Varying Impact of Monetary Policy Shocks on U.S. Stock Returns: The Role of Investor Sentiment," Working Papers 202039, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
- Lasha Arevadze & Tamta Sopromadze & Giorgi Tsutskiridze & Shalva Mkhatrishvili, 2020. "Identifying the Phillips Curve in Georgia," NBG Working Papers 01/2020, National Bank of Georgia.
- Paweł Baranowski & Hamza Bennani & Wirginia Doryń, 2020. "Do ECB introductory statements help to predict monetary policy: evidence from tone analysis," NBP Working Papers 323, Narodowy Bank Polski.
- Minford, Patrick & Gai, Yue & Ou, Zhirong, 2020. "Is housing collateral important to the business cycle? Evidence from China," Cardiff Economics Working Papers E2020/6, Cardiff University, Cardiff Business School, Economics Section.
- Chahrour, Ryan & Chugh, Sanjay K. & Potter, Tristan, 2020. "Productivity News, Wages, and Labor Market Fluctuations," School of Economics Working Paper Series 2020-3, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University.
- Marek Dabrowski, 2020. "Does Low Inflation Pose a Risk to Economic Growth and Central Banks Reputation?," CASE Reports 0501, CASE-Center for Social and Economic Research.
- Nir Jaimovich & Itay Saporta-Eksten & Henry E. Siu & Yaniv Yedid-Levi, 2020. "The Macroeconomics of Automation: Data, Theory, and Policy Analysis," NBER Working Papers 27122, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Hanna Armelius & Carl Andreas Claussen & Scott Hendry, 2020. "Is Central Bank Currency Fundamental to the Monetary System?," Discussion Papers 2020-2, Bank of Canada.
- Chao Gu & Cyril Monnet & Ed Nosal & Randall Wright, 2020. "On the instability of banking and other financial intermediation," BIS Working Papers 862, Bank for International Settlements.
- Eser, Fabian & Karadi, Peter & Lane, Philip R. & Moretti, Laura & Osbat, Chiara, 2020. "The Phillips Curve at the ECB," Working Paper Series 2400, European Central Bank.
- Marcin Borsuk & Oskar Krzesicki, 2020. "InSTA – integrated stress-testing approach at NBP. The past, present and future perspectives," NBP Working Papers 325, Narodowy Bank Polski.
- NANA DAVIES, Charles, 2018. "Sources of Macroeconomic Fluctuations in a Franc Zone Country: A Bayesian estimation," MPRA Paper 99998, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Enrique Kawamura & Damián Pierri, 2020. "Life Cycle, Financial Frictions and Informal Labor Markets: The Case of Chile," Working Papers 138, Universidad de San Andres, Departamento de Economia, revised May 2020.
- Servaas Storm, 2020. "The Economics and Politics of Social Democracy: A Reconsideration," Working Papers Series inetwp122, Institute for New Economic Thinking.
- Elfsbacka Schmöller, Michaela & Spitzer, Martin, 2020. "Endogenous TFP, business cycle persistence and the productivity slowdown in the euro area," Working Paper Series 2401, European Central Bank.
- NANA DAVIES, Charles, 2020. "Land Collateral and Rule-of-Thumb Households in a Franc Zone Country: A Bayesian Appraisal," MPRA Paper 100000, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Christoph Gortz & Christopher Gunn & Thomas A. Lubik, 2020. "Is There News in Inventories?," Discussion Papers 20-07, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham.
- Michał Brzoza-Brzezina & Jacek Kotłowski, 2020. "International confidence spillovers and business cycles in small open economies," KAE Working Papers 2020-049, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis.
- Semih Emre Cekin & Rangan Gupta & Eric Olson, 2020. "The Taylor Curve: International Evidence," Working Papers 202034, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
- Danilo Leiva-Leon & Luis Uzeda, 2020. "Endogenous Time Variation in Vector Autoregressions," Staff Working Papers 20-16, Bank of Canada.
- Igor Fedotenkov & Rangan Gupta, 2020. "The Effects of Public Expenditures on Labour Productivity in Europe," Working Papers 202038, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
- David Baqaee & Emmanuel Farhi, 2020. "Entry vs. Rents: Aggregation with Economies of Scale," NBER Working Papers 27140, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Gajendran Raveendranathan & Georgios Stefanidis, 2020. "The Unprecedented Fall in U.S. Revolving Credit," Department of Economics Working Papers 2020-05, McMaster University.
- Aziz, Abdul & Masih, Mansur, 2018. "Lead-lag relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock market: evidence from Korea," MPRA Paper 99894, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Paweł Kopiec, 2019. "Household heterogeneity and the value of government spending multiplier," NBP Working Papers 321, Narodowy Bank Polski.
- Marcin Bielecki & Michał Brzoza-Brzezina & Marcin Kolasa, 2020. "Distributional consequences of conventional and unconventional monetary policy," NBP Working Papers 327, Narodowy Bank Polski.
- Alain Kabundi & Tumisang Loate & Nicola Viegi, 2020. "Spillovers of the Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy from the US to South Africa," Working Papers 202033, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
- Naape, Baneng, 2020. "An Analysis of the 2008 Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Causes, Effects and Policy Response," MPRA Paper 100019, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Item repec:ris:msuecw:2020_010 is not listed on IDEAS anymore
- International Monetary Fund, 2020. "The Gambia; First Review of the Staff-Monitored Program and Request for a 39-Month Arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility," IMF Staff Country Reports 20/102, International Monetary Fund.
- Qingqing Cao & Paolo Giordani & Raoul Minetti & Pierluigi Murro, 2020. "Credit Markets, Relationship Banking, and Firm Entry," Working Papers CASMEF 2003, Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza, LUISS Guido Carli.
- Jose Maria Barrero & Nicholas Bloom & Steven J. Davis, 2020. "COVID-19 Is Also a Reallocation Shock," NBER Working Papers 27137, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Item repec:aer:wpaper:138 is not listed on IDEAS anymore
- Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2021. "Hopf Bifurcation from new-Keynesian Taylor rule to Ramsey Optimal Policy," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) hal-01527872, HAL.
- Bick, Alexander & Fuchs-Schündeln, Nicola & Lagakos, David & Tsujiyama, Hitoshi, 2020. "Why Are Average Hours Worked Lower in Richer Countries?," IZA Discussion Papers 13156, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- David Baqaee & Emmanuel Farhi & Kunal Sangani, 2020. "The Darwinian Returns to Scale," NBER Working Papers 27139, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Robert A Blecker & Michael Cauvel & Yun Kim, 2020. "Systems Estimation of a Structural Model of Distribution and Demand in the US Economy," Working Papers PKWP2012, Post Keynesian Economics Society (PKES).
- Joseph Halevi & Peter Kriesler & Duncan Foley & Thomas Ferguson, 2020. "Three Comments on Storm “The Economics and Politics of Social Democracy: A Reconsideration”," Working Papers Series inetwp123, Institute for New Economic Thinking.
- International Monetary Fund, 2020. "Jordan; 2020 Article IV Consultation and Request for an Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility-Press Releases; Staff Report; and Statement by the Alternate Executive Director for Jordan," IMF Staff Country Reports 20/101, International Monetary Fund.
- Ljungberg, Jonas, 2020. "The Myth of Competitive Devaluations in the 1930s," Lund Papers in Economic History 211, Lund University, Department of Economic History.
- Nicolas Soenen & Rudi Vander Vennet, 2020. "ECB Monetary Policy and Bank Default Risk," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 20/997, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
- Oguzhan Cepni & Rangan Gupta & Cenk C. Karahan & Brian M. Lucey, 2020. "Oil Price Shocks and Yield Curve Dynamics in Emerging Markets," Working Papers 202036, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
- Ron Alquist & Reinhard Ellwanger & Jianjian Jin, 2020. "The Effect of Oil Price Shocks on Asset Markets: Evidence from Oil Inventory News," Staff Working Papers 2020-8, Bank of Canada.
- Holm-Hadulla, Fédéric & Thürwächter, Claire, 2020. "Heterogeneity in corporate debt structures and the transmission of monetary policy," Working Paper Series 2402, European Central Bank.
- Alina K. Bartscher & Moritz Kuhn & Moritz Schularick & Ulrike I. Steins, 2020. "Modigliani Meets Minsky: Inequality, Debt, and Financial Fragility in America, 1950-2016," Working Papers Series inetwp124, Institute for New Economic Thinking.
- Olivier Coibion & Yuriy Gorodnichenko & Michael Weber, 2020. "The Cost of the Covid-19 Crisis: Lockdowns, Macroeconomic Expectations, and Consumer Spending," NBER Working Papers 27141, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Adeniyi, Oluwatosin & Adekunle, Wasiu & Orekoya, Samuel, 2018. "Non-linear Relation between External Debt and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Does the Investment Channel Matter?," MPRA Paper 99975, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 07 Apr 2019.
- International Monetary Fund, 2020. "El Salvador; Staff Report-Request for Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for El Salvador," IMF Staff Country Reports 20/106, International Monetary Fund.
- Cristina Fernández, 2020. "Impacto en el mercado laboral de las medidas de aislamiento para combatir el COVID-19," Informes de Investigación 18145, Fedesarrollo.
- Shalva Mkhatrishvili & Giorgi Tsutskiridze & Lasha Arevadze, 2020. "Sterilized FX interventions may not be so sterilized," NBG Working Papers 02/2020, National Bank of Georgia.
- Lange, Fabian & Papageorgiou, Theodore, 2020. "Beyond Cobb-Douglas: Flexibly Estimating Matching Functions with Unobserved Matching Efficiency," IZA Discussion Papers 13177, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Rowena Crawford & Cormac O'Dea, 2020. "Household Portfolios and Financial Preparedness for Retirement," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 2232, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
- Avdic, Daniel & de New, Sonja C. & Kamhöfer, Daniel A., 2020. "Economic downturns and mental wellbeing," DICE Discussion Papers 337, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
- Bernd Hayo, 2023. "Does the ECB’s Monetary Policy Affect Personal Finances and Economic Inequality? A Household Perspective from Germany," MAGKS Papers on Economics 202023, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
- Choudhary, M. Ali & Pasha, Farooq & Waheed, Mohsin, 2020. "Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty in Pakistan," MPRA Paper 100013, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Feng, Shuaizhang & Sun, Jiandong, 2020. "Misclassification-Errors-Adjusted Sahm Rule for Early Identification of Economic Recession," IZA Discussion Papers 13168, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- International Monetary Fund, 2020. "Senegal; Request for Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility and Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Senegal," IMF Staff Country Reports 20/108, International Monetary Fund.
- Carlos Caballero Argáez & Germán Darío Machado Rodríguez, 2020. "DE LA CRISIS DE ‘FIN DE SIGLO’ A LA DEL ‘CORONAVIRUS’. La economía colombiana en las primeras dos décadas del siglo XXI," Documentos CEDE 18150, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
- Sophie Osotimehin & Latchezar Popov, 2020. "Sectoral Impact of COVID-19: Cascading Risks," Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute Working Papers 31, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
- Tomás Gómez & Alejandro Jara & David Moreno, 2020. "International and domestic interactions of macroprudential and monetary policies: the case of Chile," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 870, Central Bank of Chile.
- International Monetary Fund, 2020. "Papua New Guinea; 2019 Article IV Consultation and Request for Staff Monitored Program-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Papua New Guinea," IMF Staff Country Reports 20/95, International Monetary Fund.
- Matěj Maivald & Petr Teplý, 2020. "The impact of low interest rates on banks' non-performing loans," FFA Working Papers 2.002, Prague University of Economics and Business, revised 25 Feb 2020.
- González Laxe, Fernando & Armesto Pina, José Francisco & Lago-Peñas, Santiago & Sanchez-Fernandez, Patricio, 2020. "Impacto económico del COVID19 en una economía regional. El caso del confinamiento para Galicia [Economic impact of COVID19 in a regional economy. The case of the lock-down in Galicia]," MPRA Paper 100002, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Annette Alstadsæter & Bernt Bratsberg & Gaute Eielsen & Wojciech Kopczuk & Simen Markussen & Oddbjorn Raaum & Knut Røed, 2020. "The First Weeks of the Coronavirus Crisis: Who Got Hit, When and Why? Evidence from Norway," NBER Working Papers 27131, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Richard K. Lyons & Ganesh Viswanath-Natraj, 2020. "What Keeps Stablecoins Stable?," NBER Working Papers 27136, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Paweł Strzelecki & Jakub Growiec & Robert Wyszyński, 2020. "The contribution of immigration from Ukraine to economic growth in Poland," NBP Working Papers 322, Narodowy Bank Polski.
- Francesco MAGRIS & Daria ONORI, 2020. "Taylor and fiscal rules: when do they stabilize the economy?," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 2746, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
- Sangmin Aum & Sang Yoon (Tim) Lee & Yongseok Shin, 2020. "Inequality of Fear and Self-Quarantine: Is There a Trade-off between GDP and Public Health?," Working Papers 902, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
- Buchheim, Lukas & Dovern, Jonas & Krolage, Carla & Link, Sebastian, 2020. "Firm-level Expectations and Behavior in Response to the COVID-19 Crisis," IZA Discussion Papers 13253, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Jean-Bernard Chatelain & Kirsten Ralf, 2019. "A Simple Algorithm for Solving Ramsey Optimal Policy with Exogenous Forcing Variables," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) hal-01577606, HAL.
- International Monetary Fund, 2020. "Gabon; Request for a Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Gabon," IMF Staff Country Reports 20/109, International Monetary Fund.
- International Monetary Fund, 2020. "The Gambia; Requests for Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility and Modification of Performance Criteria Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement," IMF Staff Country Reports 20/119, International Monetary Fund.
- Knut Anton Mork, 2020. "The long Norwegian boom: Dutch disease after all?," Working Paper Series 18620, Department of Economics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
- Ferdinandusse, Marien & Freier, Maximilian & Ristiniemi, Annukka, 2020. "Quantitative easing and the price-liquidity trade-off," Working Paper Series 2399, European Central Bank.
- Boyan Jovanovic & Sai Ma, 2020. "Uncertainty and Growth Disasters," International Finance Discussion Papers 1279, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
- Servaas Storm, 2020. "The EUÕs Green Deal: Bismarck`s `what is possible` versus Thunberg`s `what is imperative`," Working Papers Series 117, Institute for New Economic Thinking.
- Vlastakis, Nikolaos & Triantafyllou, Athanasios & Kellard, Neil, 2020. "Measuring Oil Price Shocks," Essex Finance Centre Working Papers 27498, University of Essex, Essex Business School.
- Coibion, Olivier & Gorodnichenko, Yuriy & Weber, Michael, 2020. "Labor Markets during the COVID-19 Crisis: A Preliminary View," IZA Discussion Papers 13139, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Marcus Cobb & Jennifer Peña, 2020. "Proyecciones de corto plazo para el PIB trimestral: Desempeño reciente de una serie de modelos estándar," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 871, Central Bank of Chile.
- Shalva Mkhatrishvili & Douglas Laxton & Davit Tutberidze & Tamta Sopromadze & Saba Metreveli & Lasha Arevadze & Tamar Mdivnishvili & Giorgi Tsutskiridze, 2019. "Solving non-linear dynamic models (more) efficiently: application to a simple monetary policy model," NBG Working Papers 01/2019, National Bank of Georgia.
- Degasperi,Riccardo & Hong, Seokki Simon & Ricco, Giovanni, 2020. "The Global Transmission of U.S. Monetary Policy," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1257, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
- Ricardo M. Reyes-Heroles & Sharon Traiberman & Eva Van Leemput, 2020. "Emerging Markets and the New Geography of Trade: The Effects of Rising Trade Barriers," International Finance Discussion Papers 1278, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
- Aroop Chatterjee & Léo Czajka & Amory Gethin, 2020. "Estimating the distribution of household wealth in South Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2020-45, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
- Musgrave, Ralph S., 2020. "The crucial flaw in the bank system," MPRA Paper 99989, University Library of Munich, Germany.
- Nicolas Petrosky-Nadeau & Robert G. Valletta, 2020. "Unemployment Paths in a Pandemic Economy," Working Paper Series 2020-18, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
- International Monetary Fund, 2020. "Ghana; Request for Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Ghana," IMF Staff Country Reports 20/110, International Monetary Fund.
- International Monetary Fund, 2020. "Republic of Madagascar; Request for Disbursement under the Rapid Credit Facility-Press Release and Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of Madagascar," IMF Staff Country Reports 20/100, International Monetary Fund.
- Benjamín García & Juan Guerra-Salas, 2020. "On the Response of Inflation and Monetary Policy to an Immigration Shock," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 872, Central Bank of Chile.
- Castañeda Garza, Diego & Bengtsson, Erik, 2020. "Income Inequality in Mexico 1895-1940: Industrialization, Revolution, Institutions," Lund Papers in Economic History 212, Lund University, Department of Economic History.
- Jan Hagemejer & Aleksandra Hałka & Jacek Kotłowski, 2020. "Global value chains and exchange rate pass-through: the role of non-linearities," NBP Working Papers 324, Narodowy Bank Polski.
- International Monetary Fund, 2020. "Albania; Request for Purchase under the Rapid Financing Instrument-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Albania," IMF Staff Country Reports 20/118, International Monetary Fund.
- William G. Gale & Hilary Gelfond & Jason J. Fichtner & Benjamin H. Harris, 2020. "The Wealth of Generations, With Special Attention to the Millennials," NBER Working Papers 27123, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- International Monetary Fund, 2020. "Nepal; 2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Nepal," IMF Staff Country Reports 20/96, International Monetary Fund.
- Selim Raihan & Sunera Saba Khan, 2020. "Structural transformation, inequality dynamics, and inclusive growth in Bangladesh," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2020-44, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
- Perugini, Cristiano & Vladisavljevic, Marko, 2020. "Social Stability Challenged: Pandemics, Inequality and Policy Responses," IZA Discussion Papers 13249, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Selin ÖZYURT, 2019. "Ghana : quels défis économiques ?," Working Paper 6ddadfa1-fbf9-4e3b-b11c-3, Agence française de développement.
- Basu, Parantap & Jamasb, Tooraj, 2020. "On Green Growth with Sustainable Capital," Working Papers 11-2020, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Economics.
- Armida Alisjahbana & Kyunghoon Kim & Kunal Sen & Andy Sumner & Arief Anshory Yusuf, 2020. "The developer's dilemma: A survey of structural transformation and inequality dynamics," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2020-35, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
- Bengtsson, Erik & Rubolino, Enrico & Waldenström, Daniel, 2020. "What Determines the Capital Share over the Long Run of History?," Working Paper Series 1335, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
- Marion Hémar, 2019. "Presque 30 ans après son indépendance, où en est l’économie arménienne ?," Working Paper 9d495e11-ad21-4643-9940-c, Agence française de développement.
- David CHETBOUN, 2018. "Argentine : nouveau modèle, nouvelle dynamique ?," Working Paper ebe3a109-6ea5-49a7-96d9-2, Agence française de développement.
- Lawrence Christiano & Mathias Trabandt & Karl Walentin, 2020. "Online Appendix to "Involuntary Unemployment and the Business Cycle"," Online Appendices 18-447, Review of Economic Dynamics.
- Angel de la Fuente, 2020. "Implicaciones macroeconómicas y presupuestarias del Covid-19: algunas proyecciones ilustrativas," Fedea Economy Notes 2020-07, FEDEA.