The Economics of Climate Change in Agriculture: A Review on Kazakhstan and Turkey

At the end of the twentieth—beginning of the twenty-first century, there are global processes of climate change under the influence of anthropogenic factors. The preservation of these trends entails extreme and almost irreversible consequences. It is obvious that climate change affects agricultural production and its productivity throughout the world. The climate change economy is an innovative direction that emerged at the junction of ecology and economy, where global environmental requirements are conditioned. Agriculture, which is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions, can play an important role in mitigating the effects of climate change. The principles of the economy of climate change are aimed at solving two key issues: achieving “improved growth” and achieving an “improved climate”. The objectives of the review are to analyze the global processes of climate change; to study the economic impacts of climate change on agriculture in Kazakhstan and Turkey; and to consider a system of measures to prevent global climate change in the context of the climate change economy. For reviewing, different literature has been used, such as: IPCC, WMO, WTO, FAO, UNEP, UNFCCC, UNDP, IMF, WB, OECD, KAZHYDROMET, TURKSTAT, IRRI, Committee of the Statistics of the Kazakhstan, and the Turkish State Meteorologic Service reports.