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Demand and Supply of Skills in Ghana : How Can Training Programs Improve Employment?

Author

Listed:
  • Robert Palmer
  • Peter Darvas

Abstract

Ghana has a youthful population of 24 million and has shown impressive gains in economic growth and in poverty reduction over the last two decades. The necessary sustained growth requires three critical steps: (1) increase productivity in the strategic economic sectors, (2) diversify the economy, and (3) expand employment. Raising the level and range of skills in the country provides a key contribution to these core drivers of sustained growth. Skills development in Ghana encompasses foundational skills (literacy, numeracy), transferable and soft skills, and technical and vocational skills. These skills are acquired throughout life through formal education, training, and higher education; on the job through work experience and professional training; through family and community; and via the media. This report focuses on one segment of Ghana s skills development system: formal and informal technical and vocational education and training (TVET) at the pre-tertiary level. Although TVET alone does not guarantee productivity gains or job creation, it is generally agreed that a blend of cognitive, non-cognitive, intermediate, and higher technical skills is crucial to enhance the country s competitiveness and contribute to social inclusion, acceptable employment, and the alleviation of poverty. The public financing approach and general lack of incentives to improve TVET in Ghana help to perpetuate a supply-driven, low-quality skills system that responds very poorly to the needs of the economy, and especially its growth sectors. The national skills strategy should aim to complement, and be complemented by, reforms that are underway in related sectors (for example, private sector development and employment, the informal economy, information and communication technologies, and agriculture). One of the more innovative elements of the ongoing reform has been the establishment of sustainable financing for the skills development fund (SDF). Channeling the majority of TVET resources through a SDF will make it easier for funds to be allocated in line with general national socioeconomic priorities and specific priorities identified by Council for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (COTVET).

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Palmer & Peter Darvas, 2014. "Demand and Supply of Skills in Ghana : How Can Training Programs Improve Employment?," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 18866.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbpubs:18866
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Young, Michael., 2005. "National qualifications frameworks : their feasibility for effective implementation in developing countries," ILO Working Papers 993766463402676, International Labour Organization.
    3. Undp, 2011. "HDR 2011 - Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All," Human Development Report (1990 to present), Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), number hdr2011, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Elijah Frimpong Boadu & Cynthia Changxin Wang & Riza Yosia Sunindijo, 2020. "Characteristics of the Construction Industry in Developing Countries and Its Implications for Health and Safety: An Exploratory Study in Ghana," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-20, June.
    2. Peter-Cookey, Mayowa Abiodun & Janyam, Kanda, 2017. "Reaping just what is sown: Low-skills and low-productivity of informal economy workers and the skill acquisition process in developing countries," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 11-27.
    3. Yamada, Shoko, 2023. "Constructivist analysis of cross-sectional data on varieties of skills: Contextualities and generalities of skills packages and rewards to them in Ghana and Ethiopia," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    4. Christian S. Otchia, 2021. "Returns to Educational Attainment in Urban Ghana: The Role of Job-to-Job Transition," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 21(1), pages 51-67, January.
    5. Peter J. Glick & Crystal Huang & Nelly Mejia, 2015. "The Private Sector and Youth Skills and Employment Programs in Low and Middle-Income Countries," World Bank Publications - Reports 23260, The World Bank Group.

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