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Die sozialpolitischen Reformen der USA in den 90er Jahren und ihre Wirkungen

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  • Peter, Waltraut

Abstract

Arbeit ist die nachhaltigste Strategie gegen Armut. Dieser Grundsatz prägte die sozialpolitischen Reformen, die in den USA während der 90er-Jahre durchgeführt worden sind. Dementsprechend wurde die negative Einkommensteuer zum wichtigsten Instrument der Armutsbekämpfung ausgebaut. Außerdem wurden Sozialhilfeleistungen an die Aufnahme einer Beschäftigung gekoppelt und zeitlich befristet. Gemessen an ihren Zielen, Armut zu mindern, Erwerbstätigkeit zu fördern und Sozialhilfeabhängigkeit abzubauen, waren die amerikanischen Reformen überaus erfolgreich. Die Armutsrate ist merklich zurückgegangen, die Erwerbsbeteiligung ist gestiegen, und die Zahl der Sozialhilfeempfänger hat sich seit Mitte der 90er-Jahre halbiert. Insofern sind die amerikanischen Erfahrungen bei den fälligen Reformen des deutschen Sozialsystems und des Arbeitsmarktes beachtenswert.

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  • Peter, Waltraut, 2001. "Die sozialpolitischen Reformen der USA in den 90er Jahren und ihre Wirkungen," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 28(2), pages 87-103.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iwktre:156801
    DOI: 10.2373/1864-810X.01-02-06
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    1. Peter, Waltraut, 2000. "Das deutsche Sozialhilfesystem: Im Spannungsfeld zwischen sozialer Fürsorge und Hilfe zur Arbeit," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 27(2), pages 57-70.
    2. Rebecca M. Blank, 2000. "Distinguished Lecture on Economics in Government: Fighting Poverty: Lessons from Recent U.S. History," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 14(2), pages 3-19, Spring.
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    1. Waltraud Peter, 2003. "US-Sozialhilfereform: Sechs Jahre Erfahrung," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 56(05), pages 37-41, March.
    2. Peter, Waltraut, 2002. "Das Wisconsin-Works-Modell: Vorbild für eine Reform der deutschen Sozialhilfe?," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 29(2), pages 55-62.
    3. Wolfgang Ochel, 2002. "Welfare to Work in the US: A Model for Germany?," FinanzArchiv: Public Finance Analysis, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 59(1), pages 91-119, February.
    4. Peter, Waltraut, 2010. "US-Sozialpolitik in Zeiten der Krise," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 37(4), pages 33-48.

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