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Techno-authoritarian imaginaries and the politics of resistance against facial recognition technology in the US and European Union

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  • Schopmans, Hendrik
  • Tuncer Ebetürk, İrem

Abstract

While artificial intelligence technologies are increasingly studied as drivers of “digital authoritarianism,” resistance to this process has remained underexplored. Our paper addresses this gap by asking why and how citizens resist AI-powered autocratization in consolidated democracies. We first conceptualize this resistance as distinct from other forms of anti-autocratic resistance in that it is anticipatory rather than reactive, and directed at existing authorities rather than new democratic challengers. We then introduce techno-authoritarian imaginaries as a novel concept to understand the drivers and shapes of this resistance. First, we argue that activists from civil society draw on these broader, pre-existing imaginaries of authoritarian futures to make sense of new technologies and articulate technology-specific problem frames. Second, we propose that imaginaries are contingent on historical and political experiences and therefore differ between contexts. Such differences, in turn, shape how the respective targets respond to resistance. We illustrate our argument by case studies of campaigns against facial recognition technology in the U.S. and the European Union. Our paper enriches existing debates on resistance to autocratization and advocates or a more pronounced engagement with practices of future-making, as constructions of societal futures—both desirable and undesirable—are becoming an increasingly important source for democratic mobilization.

Suggested Citation

  • Schopmans, Hendrik & Tuncer Ebetürk, İrem, 2024. "Techno-authoritarian imaginaries and the politics of resistance against facial recognition technology in the US and European Union," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 31(5), pages 943-962.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:espost:308012
    DOI: 10.1080/13510347.2023.2258803
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carmen Bain & Sonja Lindberg & Theresa Selfa, 2020. "Emerging sociotechnical imaginaries for gene edited crops for foods in the United States: implications for governance," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 37(2), pages 265-279, June.
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    3. Merkel, Wolfgang & Lührmann, Anna, 2021. "Resilience of democracies: responses to illiberal and authoritarian challenges," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 28(5), pages 869-884.
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