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Long-Term Dynamics of Voluntary Engagement: Differentiating Social Structural from Cohort and Period Effects

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  • Jacobsen, Jannes
  • Schieferdecker, David
  • Gerstorf, Denis
  • Hutter, Swen
  • Specht, Jule

Abstract

Prior research has suggested three explanations why levels of voluntary engagement rise and fall over time within societies. A social structural explanation considers individual resources crucial for engagement and argues that a redistribution of those resources may bring about changes in engagement. A cohort-based explanation considers socialisation and experiences in formative years as crucial for the uptake of engagement. Finally, a period-based explanation considers extraordinary events, external shocks, and crises to be crucial for engagement. So far, these explanations have mainly been tested separately and little is known about the relative strength of each of the proposed factors. Using data from a large German household panel survey that assessed engagement almost annually across four decades, we found that most social structural factors (e.g., education, employment, income) maintained their predictive effects for engagement, irrespective of cohort or period. The only notable exception was that the gender gap observed has narrowed substantially across periods and cohorts. Moreover, cohort effects were rendered almost negligible once we factored in periods. Taken together, our results suggest that individual characteristics and extraordinary events are the main factors influencing voluntary engagement rather than shared societal experiences of cohorts.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacobsen, Jannes & Schieferdecker, David & Gerstorf, Denis & Hutter, Swen & Specht, Jule, 2022. "Long-Term Dynamics of Voluntary Engagement: Differentiating Social Structural from Cohort and Period Effects," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, issue Online Fi, pages 1-1.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:espost:267777
    DOI: 10.1007/s11266-022-00518-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jannes Jacobsen & Philipp Eisnecker & Jürgen Schupp, 2017. "In 2016, around One-Third of People in Germany Donated for Refugees and Ten Percent Helped out on Site—yet Concerns Are Mounting," DIW Economic Bulletin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 7(16/17), pages 165-176.
    2. Goebel Jan & Grabka Markus M. & Liebig Stefan & Kroh Martin & Richter David & Schröder Carsten & Schupp Jürgen, 2019. "The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP)," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 239(2), pages 345-360, April.
    3. Claire Samtleben, 2019. "Also on Sundays, Women Perform Most of the Housework and Child Care," DIW Weekly Report, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 9(10), pages 86-92.
    4. Luise Burkhardt & Jürgen Schupp, 2019. "Wachsendes ehrenamtliches Engagement: Generation der 68er häufiger auch nach dem Renteneintritt aktiv," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 86(42), pages 765-773.
    5. Marcel Erlinghagen, 2007. "Soziales Engagement im Ruhestand: Erfahrung wichtiger als frei verfügbare Zeit," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 74(39), pages 565-570.
    6. Joseph Chan & Ho-Pong To & Elaine Chan, 2006. "Reconsidering Social Cohesion: Developing a Definition and Analytical Framework for Empirical Research," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 75(2), pages 273-302, January.
    7. David Schiefer & Jolanda Noll, 2017. "The Essentials of Social Cohesion: A Literature Review," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 132(2), pages 579-603, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marcus Dittrich & Bianka Mey, 2023. "Voluntary labour supply by birth cohort: empirical evidence from Germany," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 50(2), pages 389-410, May.

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