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Approximations for Estimating Change in Life Expectancy Attributable to Air Pollution in Relation to Multiple Causes of Death Using a Cause Modified Life Table

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  • David M. Stieb
  • Stan Judek
  • Kevin Brand
  • Richard T. Burnett
  • Hwashin H. Shin

Abstract

There is considerable debate as to the most appropriate metric for characterizing the mortality impacts of air pollution. Life expectancy has been advocated as an informative measure. Although the life‐table calculus is relatively straightforward, it becomes increasingly cumbersome when repeated over large numbers of geographic areas and for multiple causes of death. Two simplifying assumptions were evaluated: linearity of the relation between excess rate ratio and change in life expectancy, and additivity of cause‐specific life‐table calculations. We employed excess rate ratios linking PM2.5 and mortality from cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, and lung cancer derived from a meta‐analysis of worldwide cohort studies. As a sensitivity analysis, we employed an integrated exposure response function based on the observed risk of PM2.5 over a wide range of concentrations from ambient exposure, indoor exposure, second‐hand smoke, and personal smoking. Impacts were estimated in relation to a change in PM2.5 from 19.5 μg/m3 estimated for Toronto to an estimated natural background concentration of 1.8 μg/m3. Estimated changes in life expectancy varied linearly with excess rate ratios, but at higher values the relationship was more accurately represented as a nonlinear function. Changes in life expectancy attributed to specific causes of death were additive with maximum error of 10%. Results were sensitive to assumptions about the air pollution concentration below which effects on mortality were not quantified. We have demonstrated valid approximations comprising expression of change in life expectancy as a function of excess mortality and summation across multiple causes of death.

Suggested Citation

  • David M. Stieb & Stan Judek & Kevin Brand & Richard T. Burnett & Hwashin H. Shin, 2015. "Approximations for Estimating Change in Life Expectancy Attributable to Air Pollution in Relation to Multiple Causes of Death Using a Cause Modified Life Table," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(8), pages 1468-1478, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:35:y:2015:i:8:p:1468-1478
    DOI: 10.1111/risa.12355
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mathilde Pascal & Magali Corso & Olivier Chanel & Christophe Declercq & Chiara Badaloni & Giulia Cesaroni & Susann Henschel & Kadri Meister & Daniela Haluza & Piedad Martin-Olmedo & Sylvia Medina, 2013. "Assessing the public health impacts of urban air pollution in 25 European cities: Results of the Aphekom project," Post-Print hal-01500894, HAL.
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    1. Armel Ngami & Thomas Seegmuller, 2021. "Pollution and growth: The role of pension in the efficiency of health and environmental policies," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 17(4), pages 390-415, December.
    2. Muhammad Irfan & Michael P. Cameron & Gazi Hassan, 2023. "The Causal Impact of Solid Fuel Use on Mortality A Cross- Country Panel Analysis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(1), pages 144-153, January.
    3. Dan Zhao & Parham Azimi & Brent Stephens, 2015. "Evaluating the Long-Term Health and Economic Impacts of Central Residential Air Filtration for Reducing Premature Mortality Associated with Indoor Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) of Outdoor Origin," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-32, July.

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