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Intake Fraction Variability Between Air Pollution Emission Sources Inside an Urban Area

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  • Marko Tainio
  • Piotr Holnicki
  • Miranda M. Loh
  • Zbigniew Nahorski

Abstract

The cost‐effective mitigation of adverse health effects caused by air pollution requires information on the contribution of different emission sources to exposure. In urban areas the exposure potential of different sources may vary significantly depending on emission height, population density, and other factors. In this study, we quantified this intraurban variability by predicting intake fraction (iF) for 3,066 emission sources in Warsaw, Poland. iF describes the fraction of the pollutant that is inhaled by people in the study area. We considered the following seven pollutants: particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), benzo[a] pyrene (BaP), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). Emissions for these pollutants were grouped into four emission source categories (Mobile, Area, High Point, and Other Point sources). The dispersion of the pollutants was predicted with the CALPUFF dispersion model using the year 2005 emission rate data and meteorological records. The resulting annual average concentrations were combined with population data to predict the contribution of each individual source to population exposure. The iFs for different pollutant‐source category combinations varied between 51 per million (PM from Mobile sources) and 0.013 per million (sulfate PM from High Point sources). The intraurban iF variability for Mobile sources primary PM emission was from 4 per million to 100 per million with the emission‐weighted iF of 44 per million. These results propose that exposure due to intraurban air pollution emissions could be decreased more effectively by specifically targeting sources with high exposure potency rather than all sources.

Suggested Citation

  • Marko Tainio & Piotr Holnicki & Miranda M. Loh & Zbigniew Nahorski, 2014. "Intake Fraction Variability Between Air Pollution Emission Sources Inside an Urban Area," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(11), pages 2021-2034, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:34:y:2014:i:11:p:2021-2034
    DOI: 10.1111/risa.12221
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Deborah H. Bennett & Manuele D. Margni & Thomas E. McKone & Olivier Jolliet, 2002. "Intake Fraction for Multimedia Pollutants: A Tool for Life Cycle Analysis and Comparative Risk Assessment," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 22(5), pages 905-918, October.
    2. Joseph V. Spadaro & Ari Rabl, 2004. "Pathway Analysis for Population‐Total Health Impacts of Toxic Metal Emissions," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(5), pages 1121-1141, October.
    3. Gretchen Stevens & Andrew Wilson & James K. Hammitt, 2005. "A Benefit‐Cost Analysis of Retrofitting Diesel Vehicles with Particulate Filters in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(4), pages 883-899, August.
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    1. Piotr Holnicki & Marko Tainio & Andrzej Kałuszko & Zbigniew Nahorski, 2017. "Burden of Mortality and Disease Attributable to Multiple Air Pollutants in Warsaw, Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-14, November.

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