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Emissions of Fungal Volatile Organic Compounds in Residential Environments and Temporal Emission Patterns: Implications for Sampling Methods

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  • Kyunghoon Kim

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
    Current address: Transportation Environmental Research Department, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Korea.)

  • Suyeon Lee

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea)

  • Yelim Choi

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea)

  • Daekeun Kim

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea)

Abstract

Currently, little is known about the occurrences of fungi-derived microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) in various indoor materials and their detection in residential environments, despite mVOCs being linked to several acute health effects. We identified various mVOCs emitted from fungi grown on PVC wallpaper, silicone rubber, and malt extract agar. We also investigated mVOCs temporal emission and whether fungi-derived VOCs concentration can be used to estimate fungal concentration in the air using active and passive air sampling methods. Among the three fungal growth media included in this study, silicone rubber produced the most variety of mVOCs: 106 compounds (from Aspergillus niger ), 35 compounds (from Alternaria alternata ), and 85 compounds (from Penicillium chrysogenum ). We also found the emission patterns of eight chemical classes (i.e., aromatics, ethers, aliphatics, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, chlorides, and nitrides) from the three different fungi. From the results of our field experiments in 11 residential environments, passive air samplers led to higher correlations coefficients (0.08 to 0.86) between mVOCs’ air concentrations and airborne fungal concentrations, compared with active air samplers, which showed negative correlation coefficients (−0.99 to −0.02) for most compounds. This study elucidated the occurrence and temporal emission patterns of fungal VOCs in residential environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Kyunghoon Kim & Suyeon Lee & Yelim Choi & Daekeun Kim, 2022. "Emissions of Fungal Volatile Organic Compounds in Residential Environments and Temporal Emission Patterns: Implications for Sampling Methods," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-13, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12601-:d:932018
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Deborah H. Bennett & Manuele D. Margni & Thomas E. McKone & Olivier Jolliet, 2002. "Intake Fraction for Multimedia Pollutants: A Tool for Life Cycle Analysis and Comparative Risk Assessment," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 22(5), pages 905-918, October.
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