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Re‐evaluating the behavioral change from conditional cash transfers: Evidence from the Avancemos National Program in Costa Rica

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  • Jaime A. Meza‐Cordero
  • Michaela Gulemetova

Abstract

Conditional cash transfers (CCT) have become a common solution aiming to reduce poverty by increasing the human capital of children. In 2006, the Government of Costa Rica introduced Avancemos, a nationwide CCT program, with the premise that a monetary subsidy, conditional on school attendance, would offset adolescents' opportunity cost from working and increase secondary school completion. In this paper, we assess whether the program achieved its main objective of increasing secondary schooling and reducing adolescent labor, and we disentangle the mechanisms generating these effects. We used data from the Costa Rica National Household Survey (2006–2014) collected by the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses. The program effects are estimated through a propensity score matching technique. We find that for program beneficiaries, Avancemos led to increases of about 27% in attendance and 0.72 year of schooling, and a decrease of 6% in the likelihood of labor participation. We also present evidence that economic vulnerability is not the only or main cause for school dropout and argue that efforts complementary to CCT, such as improving instruction quality and offering more information on the returns to education, are needed to increase attendance and completion and to reduce child labor outcomes. 有条件现金转移支付(CCT)已成为一种常见的解决方案,旨在通过增加儿童的人力资本来减少贫困。2006年,哥斯达黎加政府推出了Avancemos这一全国性CCT计划,其假设以入学率为条件的货币补贴将抵消青少年工作的机会成本并提高中学毕业率。本文中,我们评估了该计划是否实现了增加中学教育和减少青少年劳动这一主要目标,并且我们理清了产生这些影响的机制。我们使用了国家人口普查和统计研究所收集的哥斯达黎加全国家庭调查(2006‐2014)数据。通过倾向得分匹配法估计Avancemos计划的效果。我们发现,Avancemos计划使受益人的上学率增加了约27%,受教育年限增加了0.72年,参与劳动的可能性降低了6%。我们还提供证据表明,经济脆弱性不是辍学的唯一或主要原因,并论证认为,需要与CCT相辅相成的一系列举措(例如提升教学质量和教育回报信息),以提高出勤率和毕业率,并减少童工结果。 Las transferencias monetarias condicionadas (CCT, por sus siglas en inglés) se han convertido en una solución común para reducir la pobreza aumentando el capital humano de los niños. En 2006, el Gobierno de Costa Rica introdujo Avancemos, un programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas a nivel nacional, bajo la premisa de que un subsidio monetario, condicionado a la asistencia escolar, compensaría el costo de oportunidad laboral de los adolescentes y aumentaría la finalización de la escuela secundaria. En este artículo, evaluamos si el programa logró su objetivo principal de aumentar la escolaridad secundaria y reducir el trabajo adolescente, y desentrañamos los mecanismos que generan estos efectos. Utilizamos datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares de Costa Rica (2006‐2014) recopilados por el Instituto Nacional de Censos y Estadísticas. Los efectos del programa se estiman a través de una técnica de emparejamiento de puntuación de propensión. Encontramos que Avancemos condujo a un aumento de alrededor del 27 por ciento de asistencia y 0,72 años de escolaridad, y una disminución del 6 por ciento en la probabilidad de participación laboral para los beneficiarios del programa. También proporcionamos evidencia de que la vulnerabilidad económica no es la única o principal causa de la deserción escolar y argumentamos que se necesitan esfuerzos complementarios a las TMC, como la mejora de la calidad de la instrucción y la información sobre los retornos a la educación, para aumentar la asistencia y la finalización, y reducir resultados del trabajo infantil.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaime A. Meza‐Cordero & Michaela Gulemetova, 2023. "Re‐evaluating the behavioral change from conditional cash transfers: Evidence from the Avancemos National Program in Costa Rica," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(1), pages 29-47, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:povpop:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:29-47
    DOI: 10.1002/pop4.359
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    References listed on IDEAS

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