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Spiritual care provision to end‐of‐life patients: A systematic literature review

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  • Elizabeth Batstone
  • Cara Bailey
  • Nutmeg Hallett

Abstract

Aim To develop an understanding of how nurses provide spiritual care to terminally ill patients in order to develop best practice. Background Patients approaching the end of life (EoL) can experience suffering physically, emotionally, socially and spiritually. Nurses are responsible for assessing these needs and providing holistic care, yet are given little implementable, evidence‐based guidance regarding spiritual care. Nurses internationally continue to express inadequacy in assessing and addressing the spiritual domain, resulting in spiritual care being neglected or relegated to the pastoral team. Design Systematic literature review, following PRISMA guidelines. Methods Nineteen electronic databases were systematically searched and papers screened. Quality was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist, and deductive thematic analysis, with a priori themes, was conducted. Results Eleven studies provided a tripartite understanding of spiritual caregiving within the a priori themes: Nursing Spirit (a spiritual holistic ethos); the Soul of Care (the nurse–patient relationship); and the Body of Care (nurse care delivery). Ten of the studies involved palliative care nurses. Conclusion Nurses who provide spiritual care operate from an integrated holistic worldview, which develops from personal spirituality, life experience and professional practice of working with the dying. This worldview, when combined with advanced communication skills, shapes a relational way of spiritual caregiving that extends warmth, love and acceptance, thus enabling a patient's spiritual needs to surface and be resolved. Relevance to clinical practice Quality spiritual caregiving requires time for nurses to develop: the personal, spiritual and professional skills that enable spiritual needs to be identified and redressed; nurse–patient relationships that allow patients to disclose and co‐process these needs. Supportive work environments underpin such care. Further research is required to define spiritual care across all settings, outside of hospice, and to develop guidance for those involved in EoL care delivery.

Suggested Citation

  • Elizabeth Batstone & Cara Bailey & Nutmeg Hallett, 2020. "Spiritual care provision to end‐of‐life patients: A systematic literature review," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(19-20), pages 3609-3624, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jocnur:v:29:y:2020:i:19-20:p:3609-3624
    DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15411
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wilfred McSherry & Steve Jamieson, 2011. "An online survey of nurses’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 20(11‐12), pages 1757-1767, June.
    2. Birte Snilstveit & Sandy Oliver & Martina Vojtkova, 2012. "Narrative approaches to systematic review and synthesis of evidence for international development policy and practice," Journal of Development Effectiveness, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(3), pages 409-429, September.
    3. Tove Giske & Pamela H Cone, 2015. "Discerning the healing path – how nurses assist patient spirituality in diverse health care settings," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(19-20), pages 2926-2935, October.
    4. Robyn Keall & Josephine M Clayton & Phyllis Butow, 2014. "How do Australian palliative care nurses address existential and spiritual concerns? Facilitators, barriers and strategies," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 23(21-22), pages 3197-3205, November.
    5. Mary E. Minton & Mary J. Isaacson & Brandon Michael Varilek & Jessica L. Stadick & Shannon O'Connell‐Persaud, 2018. "A willingness to go there: Nurses and spiritual care," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(1-2), pages 173-181, January.
    6. Donia R Baldacchino, 2006. "Nursing competencies for spiritual care," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(7), pages 885-896, July.
    7. Susan Ronaldson & Lillian Hayes & Christina Aggar & Jennifer Green & Michele Carey, 2012. "Spirituality and spiritual caring: nurses’ perspectives and practice in palliative and acute care environments," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 21(15‐16), pages 2126-2135, August.
    8. Lay Hwa Tiew & Jian Hui Kwee & Debra K Creedy & Moon Fai Chan, 2013. "Hospice nurses' perspectives of spirituality," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 22(19-20), pages 2923-2933, October.
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    1. Kisook Kim & Seung Gyeong Jang & Ki-Seong Lee, 2021. "A Network Analysis of Research Topics and Trends in End-of-Life Care and Nursing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-15, January.

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