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Measuring mortgage credit availability: A frontier estimation approach

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  • Elliot Anenberg
  • Aurel Hizmo
  • Edward Kung
  • Raven Molloy

Abstract

We construct a new measure of mortgage credit availability using a technique developed for production frontier estimation. The resulting “loan frontier” describes the maximum amount obtainable by a borrower of given characteristics. We estimate this frontier using mortgage originations data from 2001 to 2014. We find a substantial expansion of mortgage credit for all borrowers during the housing boom, not only for low‐score or low‐income borrowers. The subsequent contraction in credit was most pronounced for low‐score borrowers. Using variation in the frontier across metropolitan areas over time, we show that borrowing constraints played an important role in the recent housing cycle.

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  • Elliot Anenberg & Aurel Hizmo & Edward Kung & Raven Molloy, 2019. "Measuring mortgage credit availability: A frontier estimation approach," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(6), pages 865-882, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:japmet:v:34:y:2019:i:6:p:865-882
    DOI: 10.1002/jae.2720
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    2. S. Borağan Aruoba & Ronel Elul & Ṣebnem Kalemli-Özcan, 2022. "Housing Wealth and Consumption: The Role of Heterogeneous Credit Constraints," NBER Working Papers 30591, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Griffin, John M. & Kruger, Samuel & Maturana, Gonzalo, 2021. "What drove the 2003–2006 house price boom and subsequent collapse? Disentangling competing explanations," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(3), pages 1007-1035.
    4. Martin Cesnak & Jan Klacso & Roman Vasil, 2021. "Analysis of the Impact of Borrower-Based Measures," Working and Discussion Papers OP 3/2021, Research Department, National Bank of Slovakia.
    5. William D. Larson, 2022. "Effects of Mortgage Interest Rates on House Price Appreciation: The Role of Payment Constraints," FHFA Staff Working Papers 22-04, Federal Housing Finance Agency.
    6. William D. Larson & Andrew B. Martinez, 2024. "House Prices, Debt Burdens, and the Heterogeneous Effects of Mortgage Rate Shocks," Working Papers 2024-002, The George Washington University, Department of Economics, H. O. Stekler Research Program on Forecasting.
    7. repec:ehl:lserod:124116 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Kelly, Robert & Mazza, Elena, 2019. "A Measure of Bindingness in the Irish Mortgage Market," Financial Stability Notes 12/FS/19, Central Bank of Ireland.
    9. Alexei Alexandrov & Thomas S. Conkling & Sergei Koulayev, 2024. "Changing the Scope of GSE Loan Guarantees: Estimating Effects on Mortgage Pricing and Availability," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 69(3), pages 409-451, October.
    10. Morris A Davis & William D Larson & Stephen D Oliner & Benjamin R Smith, 2023. "A Quarter Century of Mortgage Risk," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 27(2), pages 581-618.
    11. Bhutta, Neil & Ringo, Daniel, 2021. "The effect of interest rates on home buying: Evidence from a shock to mortgage insurance premiums," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 195-211.

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