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Lender of last resort, buyer of last resort, and a fear of fire sales in the sovereign bond market

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  • Viral Acharya
  • Diane Pierret
  • Sascha Steffen

Abstract

We document the mechanism through which the risk of fire sales in the sovereign bond market contributed to the effectiveness of two major central bank interventions designed to restore financial stability during the European sovereign debt crisis. As a lender of last resort via the long‐term refinancing operations (LTROs), the European Central Bank (ECB) improved the collateral value of sovereign bonds of peripheral countries. This resulted in an elevated concentration of these bonds in the portfolios of domestic banks, increasing fire‐sale risk and making both banks and sovereign bonds riskier. In contrast, the ECB's announcement of being a potential buyer of last resort via the Outright Monetary Transaction (OMT) program attracted new investors and reduced fire‐sale risk in the sovereign bond market.

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  • Viral Acharya & Diane Pierret & Sascha Steffen, 2021. "Lender of last resort, buyer of last resort, and a fear of fire sales in the sovereign bond market," Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(4), pages 87-112, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:finmar:v:30:y:2021:i:4:p:87-112
    DOI: 10.1111/fmii.12143
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    2. Janbaz, M. & Hassan, M.K. & Floreani, J. & Dreassi, A., 2024. "Liquidity pressure and the sovereign-bank diabolic loop," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PA), pages 1039-1057.

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