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An Evaluation of Alternative Market‐Based Transfer Prices

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  • Nicole Bastian Johnson
  • Clemens Loeffler
  • Thomas Pfeiffer

Abstract

We investigate a transfer pricing problem between two divisions within a decentralized firm. An upstream division produces an intermediate good that is used by another division within the firm and is also sold in an external market, where the firm competes with a rival selling a differentiated substitute product. Assuming that headquarters has imperfect information about the upstream division's private information and that communication is restricted, we identify conditions under which the firm will prefer a market‐based transfer price based on the market price set by the firm's rival rather than on the market price set by the upstream division. The two transfer prices affect the price‐setting incentives of the upstream division and its rival differently, and convey different levels of private‐cost information to the downstream division, which impacts internal trade efficiency. The relative performance of the two transfer pricing regimes depends on the relative size of internal versus external demand for the upstream division's good and on the degree of uncertainty about the upstream division's costs. Overall, our analysis provides new insights about how alternative market‐based transfer prices can coordinate decentralized decision‐making in the absence of a perfectly competitive intermediate market. Évaluation de deux régimes différents d’établissement des prix de cession interne fondés sur le marché Les auteurs se penchent sur un problème de prix de cession interne qui se pose entre deux divisions au sein d'une entreprise décentralisée. Une division d'activités en amont fabrique un produit intermédiaire qui est à la fois utilisé par une autre division de l'entreprise et vendu sur un marché extérieur où l'entreprise rivalise avec un concurrent vendant un produit substitut différencié. En supposant que la connaissance de l'information privilégiée relative à la division des activités en amont que possède le siège social est imparfaite et que la communication d'information est restreinte, les auteurs définissent les conditions dans lesquelles l'entreprise préférera, comme prix de cession interne fondé sur le marché, le prix du marché fixé par la concurrence plutôt que le prix du marché fixé par la division des activités en amont. Ces deux prix de cession interne influent de façon différente sur les motivations de la division des activités en amont et sur celles du concurrent dans l’établissement des prix, et ils livrent à la division des activités en aval un niveau différent d'information privilégiée sur les coûts, ce qui se répercute sur l'efficience des opérations internes. La performance relative des deux régimes d’établissement des prix de cession interne dépend du volume relatif de la demande interne par rapport à la demande externe du produit de la division des activités en amont ainsi que du degré d'incertitude qui entoure les coûts de la division des activités en amont. Globalement, l'analyse des auteurs jette un nouvel éclairage sur la façon dont les différents prix de cession interne fondés sur le marché permettent de coordonner une prise de décisions décentralisée en l'absence d'un marché intermédiaire parfaitement concurrentiel.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicole Bastian Johnson & Clemens Loeffler & Thomas Pfeiffer, 2018. "An Evaluation of Alternative Market‐Based Transfer Prices," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(4), pages 1868-1887, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:1868-1887
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12358
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    1. Fershtman, Chaim & Judd, Kenneth L, 1987. "Equilibrium Incentives in Oligopoly," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 77(5), pages 927-940, December.
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