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Home production and time use in an epidemic

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  • Shaofeng Xu
  • Jie Feng

Abstract

This paper examines the role of home production in gender‐based responses of time use to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We develop a tractable model featuring time allocation choices and susceptible‐infected‐susceptible epidemiological dynamics. The model economy has two steady states, and an outbreak can trigger a transition from a disease‐free steady state to an epidemic steady state, accompanied by a shift in economic activity toward the home. Our parameterized model well reproduces pandemic‐driven variations in time allocation in the US. This stems largely from the combination of three key features of home production: the high substitutability between market goods and home goods, the asymmetric immunity of home production to the epidemic and the comparative advantage of women in household work. Our decomposition analysis finds that elevated home production accounts for a sizable share of changes in market work and its gender gap during the pandemic. Remote work limits fluctuations in time use but worsens gender inequality in market work. Production domestique et utilisation du temps lors d'une épidémie. Cet article examine le rôle de la production domestique dans les réponses fondées sur le genre concernant l'utilisation du temps pendant la pandémie de COVID‐19. Nous mettons au point un modèle souple représentant les choix en matière d'allocation du temps et les dynamiques épidémiologiques SIS. L'économie modèle comporte deux états stables. Une éclosion peut déclencher une transition d'un état stable exempt de maladie à un état stable d'épidémie, ce qui s'accompagne d'un changement de l'activité économique vers le domicile. Notre modèle paramétré reproduit bien les variations stimulées par la pandémie sur l'allocation du temps aux États‐Unis. Cela provient largement de la combinaison de trois caractéristiques clés de la production domestique : la substituabilité élevée entre les biens commerciaux et domestiques, l'immunité asymétrique de la production domestique face à l'épidémie et l'avantage comparatif des femmes dans les tâches domestiques. Notre analyse de décomposition révèle que la production domestique accrue représente une part considérable de l'évolution des tâches professionnelles et de l'écart entre les hommes et les femmes pendant la pandémie. Le travail à distance limite les fluctuations dans l'utilisation du temps, mais aggrave l'inégalité entre les sexes dans les tâches professionnelles.

Suggested Citation

  • Shaofeng Xu & Jie Feng, 2024. "Home production and time use in an epidemic," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(4), pages 1391-1433, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:57:y:2024:i:4:p:1391-1433
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12737
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