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Time to say goodbye? The impact of environmental regulation on foreign divestment

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  • Haiou Mao
  • Holger Görg
  • Guopei Fang

Abstract

We look at divestments by foreign firms—a topic that has received comparatively little attention in the literature—and investigate how changes in the regulatory environment in the host country may impact on such divestment decisions. We use the implementation of China's two control zones (TCZ) policy as a “quasi‐natural experiment,” using detailed firm‐level combined with city‐level data for the empirical analysis. Our results show that the implementation of the TCZ policy has led to higher probabilities of divestments by foreign firms in cities and industries targeted by the TCZ policy. The mechanism behind this seems to be a TCZ‐induced increase in discharge fees and efforts to reduce SO2 emissions. Allowing for heterogeneity of effects, we find that the effect is particularly strong for firms from source countries with less stringent environmental regulation and those using less advanced technology. We also show that firms using intermediates from polluting industries also experience a higher probability of divestment. C'est l'heure des adieux? L'effet de la réglementation environnementale sur le désinvestissement étranger. Nous nous penchons sur les désinvestissements des sociétés étrangères – un sujet qui a reçu relativement peu d'attention dans la littérature – et nous étudions les effets possibles des modifications du cadre réglementaire du pays hôte sur les décisions en matière de désinvestissement. Nous utilisons la mise en œuvre de la politique de la Chine nommée Two Control Zones (TCZ) comme « expérience quasi‐naturelle » en utilisant des données détaillées à l'échelon des sociétés et à l'échelon des villes pour mener l'analyse empirique. Nos résultats démontrent que l'entrée en vigueur de la politique TCZ a augmenté la probabilité de désinvestissements par les sociétés étrangères dans les villes et les industries ciblées par la politique. Le mécanisme sous‐jacent semble être une hausse des redevances pour émission de SO2 et des efforts pour les réduire, résultant de la politique TCZ. En permettant l'hétérogénéité des effets, nous constatons que l'effet est particulièrement fort chez les sociétés de pays sources ayant des règlements environnementaux moins stricts et celles qui utilisent des technologies moins avancées. Nous démontrons en outre que les sociétés utilisant des intermédiaires d'industries polluantes font également face à une probabilité supérieure de désinvestissements.

Suggested Citation

  • Haiou Mao & Holger Görg & Guopei Fang, 2024. "Time to say goodbye? The impact of environmental regulation on foreign divestment," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(2), pages 502-527, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:57:y:2024:i:2:p:502-527
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12706
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