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Transboundary pollution, tax competition and the efficiency of uncoordinated environmental regulation

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  • Atsushi Yamagishi

Abstract

Under capital tax competition, surprisingly, Ogawa and Wildasin (2009) find that uncoordinated policymaking leads to a first‐best outcome even in the presence of transboundary pollution. However, I show that if the level of environmental regulation is endogenized, the regulation level becomes too loose compared with the optimum (“race to the bottom”). Thus, despite the efficiency result of Ogawa and Wildasin (2009), efforts to achieve international environmental policy coordination are needed. I then examine the dependence of this result on the level of decisive voter's capital endowment. The regulation is inefficiently loose in many cases, but it can be too strict if the decisive voter's capital endowment is above the average. Thus, the possibility of “race to the top” cannot be eliminated. The inefficiency result does not generally depend on the timing of policymaking, although the efficiency may be restored in the limit case where the decisive voter has no capital at all. Pollution transfrontalière, compétition fiscale et efficacité des politiques environnementales non coordonnées. En matière de compétition fiscale sur le capital, Ogawa et Wildasin (2009) ont découvert de manière surprenante que l'élaboration de politiques non coordonnées génère de meilleurs résultats, même en présence de pollution transfrontalière. Néanmoins, l'auteur montre que si le niveau de réglementation environnementale est endogénéisé, ce dernier devient trop laxiste (« nivellement par le bas ») et s'écarte de l'idéal. Par conséquent, malgré les résultats d'efficacité d'Ogawa et Wildasin (2009), des efforts sont nécessaires pour parvenir à des politiques environnementales coordonnées sur le plan international. L'auteur examine ensuite la dépendance de ce résultat relativement au niveau de dotation en capital de l'électeur décisif. Dans de nombreux cas, la réglementation est inefficace et laxiste mais peut s'avérer trop stricte si la dotation en capital de l'électeur décisif est au‐dessus de la moyenne. Ainsi, la possibilité d'un « nivellement par le haut » ne peut être écartée. Les résultats d'inefficacité ne dépendent généralement pas du calendrier d'élaboration des politiques, bien que l'efficacité peut être restaurée dans le cas restreint où l'électeur décisif ne possède aucun capital.

Suggested Citation

  • Atsushi Yamagishi, 2019. "Transboundary pollution, tax competition and the efficiency of uncoordinated environmental regulation," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 52(3), pages 1165-1194, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:52:y:2019:i:3:p:1165-1194
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12401
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    2. Thierry Madiès & Ornella Tarola & Emmanuelle Taugourdeau, 2022. "Tax haven, pollution haven or both?," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 29(6), pages 1527-1560, December.
    3. Ogawa, Hikaru, 2021. "Partial environmental tax coordination and political delegation," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    4. Tian, Yuan & Sun, Chuanwang & Ren, Yi & Liu, Kang & Zuo, Zulin, 2023. "Tax competition, spatial correlation and regional integration development——Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    5. Cheng, Haitao, 2024. "Domestic versus international emissions trading with capital mobility," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    6. Thierry Madiès & Ornella Tarola & Emmanuelle Taugourdeau, 2022. "Do International Environmental Agreements Affect Tax and Environmental Competition among Asymmetric Countries?," Working Papers 2022-21, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
    7. Nikos Tsakiris & Panos Hatzipanayotou & Michael S. Michael, 2024. "Strategic capital taxation, tradable emission permits and global pollution," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(1), pages 276-296, February.
    8. Deng, Yaling & You, Daming & Wang, Jingjing, 2022. "Research on the nonlinear mechanism underlying the effect of tax competition on green technology innovation - An analysis based on the dynamic spatial Durbin model and the threshold panel model," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).

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