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Outside Directors, Litigation Environment, and Management Earnings Forecasts

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  • Surjit Tinaikar

Abstract

This study examines whether outside directors factor in litigation costs for the firm while monitoring optimal disclosure policy. It investigates the association of management earnings forecast disclosure and the proportion of outside directors across two regimes with unequal litigation costs, the United States and Canada. I find that the positive association between forecast frequency/ precision and the proportion of outside directors is stronger in Canada. This suggests that outside directors are more likely to encourage disclosure in less litigious Canada. I also find that firm‐level governance mechanisms such as outside directors and country‐level litigation environment act as governance substitutes in determining unbiased forecasts. Specifically, the negative association between forecast bias and the proportion of outside directors is stronger in Canada. I also revisit the effect of legal regime on forecast disclosure in a non‐U.S. context. Recent legislation has increased the likelihood of class‐action lawsuits in Canada. The passage of these laws has decreased the precision in forecasts by Canadian firms. Administrateurs externes, contexte en matière de litiges et prévisions de résultats de la direction Résumé L'auteur se demande si les administrateurs externes tiennent compte des coûts des litiges pour l'entreprise dans la détermination de la politique d'information optimale. Il analyse le lien entre la communication des prévisions de résultats de la direction et la proportion d'administrateurs externes dans le contexte de deux régimes où les coûts des litiges diffèrent, celui des États‐Unis et celui du Canada. Il constate que le lien positif entre la fréquence et la précision des prévisions, d'une part, et la proportion d'administrateurs externes, d'autre part, est plus fort au Canada. Cette observation semble indiquer que les administrateurs externes sont davantage susceptibles d'encourager la communication d'information au Canada, moins enclin aux litiges. L'auteur constate aussi que les mécanismes de gouvernance à l’échelle de l'entreprise, comme celui de la proportion d'administrateurs externes, et le degré de propension nationale aux litiges servent de substituts à la gouvernance dans l’élaboration de prévisions sans biais. Plus précisément, le lien négatif entre le biais prévisionnel et la proportion d'administrateurs externes est plus marqué au Canada. L'auteur réétudie également l'incidence du régime juridique sur la présentation des prévisions hors des États‐Unis. La législation récente a augmenté la probabilité de poursuites en recours collectif au Canada. L'adoption de ces lois a réduit la précision des prévisions des entreprises canadiennes.

Suggested Citation

  • Surjit Tinaikar, 2012. "Outside Directors, Litigation Environment, and Management Earnings Forecasts," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 11(1), pages 1-29, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:11:y:2012:i:1:p:1-29
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1911-3838.2012.00029.x
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    2. Sosnowski Tomasz & Wawryszuk-Misztal Anna, 2019. "Board characteristics and earnings forecasts accuracy in IPO prospectuses," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 55(1), pages 25-39, March.

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