IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/vrs/bjrecm/v11y2023i1p101-119n6.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Study of the Impact of Housing Affordability on the Fertility Rate in Bulgaria (2014–2021): A Regional Aspect

Author

Listed:
  • Stoenchev Nikolay

    (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria)

  • Hrischeva Yana

    (University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria)

Abstract

The present study is devoted to the influence of housing affordability on the fertility rate in Bulgaria. Both data published by NSI and data obtained by individual request were used. Housing affordability is a factor and is represented as the ratio of the average price of a 70 m2 apartment and the average gross salary of an employed person, as well as the ratio of the average housing price and the average income per person in a household. Fertility has the role of an outcome variable and is represented by the gross fertility rate, average age of the mother at the birth of the first child and at the birth of a child, number of live births by age of the mother and total fertility rate. Such lag values of the factor variable were used due to the long period from the moment of availability of housing to its acquisition, completion, furnishing and commissioning, and the long biological period from the decision to implement reproductive intentions to the birth of a child. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the direction and strength of the relationship. A strong negative relationship is found between housing affordability and fertility rate, except for the relationship with the total fertility rate, which is weakly positive. The change in the lag has a minimal effect on the value of the correlation coefficients. Therefore, a conclusion can be made that children are mostly born where housing affordability is low and parents are forced to raise them in unsuitable housing conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Stoenchev Nikolay & Hrischeva Yana, 2023. "Study of the Impact of Housing Affordability on the Fertility Rate in Bulgaria (2014–2021): A Regional Aspect," Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management, Sciendo, vol. 11(1), pages 101-119, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:bjrecm:v:11:y:2023:i:1:p:101-119:n:6
    DOI: 10.2478/bjreecm-2023-0007
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2023-0007
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.2478/bjreecm-2023-0007?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nandinee Kutty, 2005. "A new measure of housing affordability: Estimates and analytical results," Housing Policy Debate, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 113-142.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zan Yang & Songtao Wang, 2011. "The impact of privatization of public housing on housing affordability in Beijing: An assessment using household survey data," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 26(5), pages 384-400, August.
    2. Mulliner, Emma & Smallbone, Kieran & Maliene, Vida, 2013. "An assessment of sustainable housing affordability using a multiple criteria decision making method," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 270-279.
    3. Tingzhu Li & Ran Liu & Wei Qi, 2019. "Regional Heterogeneity of Migrant Rent Affordability Stress in Urban China: A Comparison between Skilled and Unskilled Migrants at Prefecture Level and Above," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-26, October.
    4. Samson Akinbamide Omobayo Adegoke & Tunde Agbola, 2020. "Housing Tenure Choice and Housing Affordability in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis of Owners and Renters of Organized Private Sector Housing," International Journal of Social Science Studies, Redfame publishing, vol. 8(4), pages 142-149, July.
    5. Shen, Ling, 2012. "Are house prices too high in China?," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 1206-1210.
    6. Stephen Malpezzi, 2023. "Housing affordability and responses during times of stress: A preliminary look during the COVID‐19 pandemic," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 41(1), pages 9-40, January.
    7. Gawel, Erik & Sigel, Katja & Bretschneider, Wolfgang, 2011. "Affordability of water supply in Mongolia: Empirical lessons for measuring affordability," UFZ Discussion Papers 9/2011, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Division of Social Sciences (ÖKUS).
    8. Florian PHILIPP, 2015. "Are Housing Markets Decoupled? A Case Study of Residential Real Estate Affordability in Austria," Expert Journal of Business and Management, Sprint Investify, vol. 3(2), pages 129-139.
    9. David J. Schwegman & John Yinger, 2020. "The Shifting of the Property Tax on Urban Renters: Evidence from New York State�s Homestead Tax Option," Working Papers 20-43, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    10. Karmali,Nadeem M. & Aline Weng, 2022. "Housing Demand and Affordability in India : Implications for Housing Policy," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10031, The World Bank.
    11. Dewita, Yulia & Yen, Barbara T.H. & Burke, Matthew, 2018. "The effect of transport cost on housing affordability: Experiences from the Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 507-519.
    12. Eoin Corrigan & Daniel Foley & Kieran McQuinn & Conor O’Toole & Rachel Slaymaker, 2019. "Exploring Affordability in the Irish Housing Market," The Economic and Social Review, Economic and Social Studies, vol. 50(1), pages 119-157.
    13. Giovanni D'Alessio & Stefano Iezzi, 2016. "Over-indebtedness in Italy: how widespread and persistent is it?," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 319, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    14. Teresa Schlüter, 2013. "Real Wages, Amenities and the Adjustment of Working Hours Across Regional Labour Markets," SERC Discussion Papers 0130, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    15. Andrea Kunnert, 2016. "Leistbarkeit von Wohnen in Österreich. Operationalisierung und demographische Komponenten," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 58932.
    16. Niëns, L.M. & Brouwer, W.B.F., 2013. "Measuring the affordability of medicines: Importance and challenges," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 112(1), pages 45-52.
    17. GLUMAC Brano & CABALLE FABRA Gemma, 2018. "Housing in a Mobile World: A Definition of Flexible Housing and the Classification of Solutions," LISER Working Paper Series 2018-16, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER).
    18. Libertun de Duren, Nora Ruth & Osorio Rivas, Rene, 2020. "El efecto del gasto público en el déficit de vivienda en el Perú a nivel municipal," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 10508, Inter-American Development Bank.
    19. Tae-Hoon Lee & Eun-Cheol Park & Woorim Kim & Juyeong Kim & Jaeyong Shin & Tae Hyun Kim, 2016. "Depressive symptoms of house-poor persons: Korean panel data evidence," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 62(6), pages 569-577, September.
    20. Liming Yao & Michael White & Alla Koblyakova, 2015. "House price appreciation and housing affordability: a study of younger households tenure choice in China," ERES eres2015_44, European Real Estate Society (ERES).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:vrs:bjrecm:v:11:y:2023:i:1:p:101-119:n:6. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.sciendo.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.