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An Equilibrium Analysis of Real Estate Leases

Author

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  • Steven R. Grenadier

    (Graduate School of Business, Stanford University)

Abstract

This article provides a unified equilibrium approach to valuing commercial real estate leases. Using a game-theoretic variant of real options analysis, the underlying real estate asset market is modeled as a continuous-time Nash equilibrium, where developers make construction decisions under demand uncertainty. Then, using the economic notion that leasing represents the purchase of the use of the asset over a specified time, I use a contingent-claims approach to value many of the most common leasing arrangements. The model provides equilibrium values for purchase options, forward leases, gross and net leases, cancellation options, ground leases, escalation clauses, lease concessions, and sale-leasebacks.

Suggested Citation

  • Steven R. Grenadier, 2005. "An Equilibrium Analysis of Real Estate Leases," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 78(4), pages 1173-1214, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:jnlbus:v:78:y:2005:i:4:p:1173-1214
    DOI: 10.1086/430858
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Bracke, Philippe & Pinchbeck, Ted & Wyatt, James, 2014. "The time value of housing: historical evidence from London residential leases," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 64504, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    2. Miki Seko & Kazuto Sumita & Jiro Yoshida, 2012. "Downward-Sloping Term Structure of Lease Rates: A Puzzle," Keio/Kyoto Joint Global COE Discussion Paper Series 2011-042, Keio/Kyoto Joint Global COE Program.
    3. Shinichiro Iwata & Hisaki Yamaga, 2009. "Land Tenure Security and Home Maintenance: Evidence from Japan," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 85(3), pages 429-441.
    4. Lucianna Cananà & Luigi De Cesare & Massimiliano Ferrara, 2022. "Advances in Financial Leasing Mechanism Designs," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
    5. Dwight Jaffee & Richard Stanton & Nancy Wallace, 2019. "Energy Factors, Leasing Structure and the Market Price of Office Buildings in the U.S," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 59(3), pages 329-371, October.
    6. Noriko Ashiya, 2015. "Determinants of Potential Seller/Lessee Benefits in Sale¡VLeaseback Transactions," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 18(1), pages 89-112.
    7. Maria Ibanez & Anthony Pennington-Cross, 2013. "Commercial Property Rent Dynamics in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: An Examination of Office, Industrial, Flex and Retail Space," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 46(2), pages 232-259, February.
    8. Quigley, Neil & Boyle, Glenn & Guthrie, Graeme, 2008. "Estimating Implied Valuation Parameters: Extension and Application to Ground Lease Rentals," Working Paper Series 4012, Victoria University of Wellington, The New Zealand Institute for the Study of Competition and Regulation.
    9. Ons Triki & Fathi Abid, 2022. "Contingent convertible lease modeling and credit risk management," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-29, December.
    10. Anglin, Paul M. & Dale-Johnson, David & Gao, Yanmin & Zhu, Guozhong, 2014. "Patterns of growth in Chinese cities: Implications of the land lease," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 87-107.
    11. Fan, Gang-Zhi & Pu, Ming & Deng, Xiaoying & Ong, Seow Eng, 2018. "Optimal portfolio choices and the determination of housing rents under housing market uncertainty," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 200-217.
    12. Ahmed Al sharif & Ruwen Qin, 2015. "Double-sided price adjustment flexibility with a preemptive right to exercise," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 226(1), pages 29-50, March.
    13. Quigley, Neil & Boyle, Glenn & Guthrie, Graeme, 2008. "Estimating Implied Valuation Parameters: Extension and Application to Ground Lease Rentals," Working Paper Series 19113, Victoria University of Wellington, The New Zealand Institute for the Study of Competition and Regulation.
    14. Jonathan A. Wiley, 2014. "Gross Lease Premiums," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 42(3), pages 606-626, September.
    15. Honglin Wang & Fan Yu & Yinggang Zhou, 2013. "Rental Rates under Housing Price Uncertainty: A Real Options Approach," Working Papers 242013, Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research.
    16. Jyh-Bang Jou & Tan (Charlene) Lee, 2009. "How Does a Development Moratorium Affect Development Timing Choices and Land Values?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 39(3), pages 301-315, October.
    17. Steffen Brenner & Rainer Schulz & Wolfgang Härdle, 2007. "Realoptionen und Immobilienbewertung: Eine Umsetzungsstudie," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 59(8), pages 1002-1028, December.
    18. Jan K. Brueckner & Stuart S. Rosenthal, 2022. "Tenant Riskiness, Contract Length, and the Term Structure of Commercial Leases," CESifo Working Paper Series 10189, CESifo.
    19. repec:vuw:vuwscr:19113 is not listed on IDEAS
    20. Glenn Boyle & Graeme Guthrie & Neil Quigley, 2009. "Estimating unobservable valuation parameters for illiquid assets," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 49(3), pages 465-479, September.
    21. James Shilling & C. Sirmans & Barrett Slade, 2013. "Who Says there is a High Consensus Among Analysts when Market Uncertainty is High? Some New Evidence from the Commercial Real Estate Market," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 47(4), pages 688-718, November.
    22. Chuang-Chang Chang & Hsiao-Wei Ho & Henry Hongren Huang & Yildiray Yildirim, 2024. "A reduced-form model for lease contract valuation with embedded options," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 62(2), pages 841-864, February.
    23. Luigi De Cesare & Lucianna Cananà & Tiziana Ciano & Massimiliano Ferrara, 2024. "Modeling financial leasing by optimal stopping approach," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 47(1), pages 199-213, June.

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