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Tots and Teens: How Does Child’s Age Influence Maternal Labor Supply and Child Care Response to the Earned Income Tax Credit?

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  • Katherine Michelmore
  • Natasha Pilkauskas

Abstract

Building on earlier work that shows that the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) has a substantial positive effect on maternal labor supply, we show that labor supply effects are concentrated among mothers with children under age 3, with only moderate effects of the EITC on the labor supply of mothers with teenagers. These increases in labor supply are coupled with large increases in the use and cost of child care among mothers with children under age 3. Results highlight the importance of considering heterogeneous treatment effects of policy and have implications for child care policy and other family policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Katherine Michelmore & Natasha Pilkauskas, 2021. "Tots and Teens: How Does Child’s Age Influence Maternal Labor Supply and Child Care Response to the Earned Income Tax Credit?," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 39(4), pages 895-929.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:jlabec:doi:10.1086/711383
    DOI: 10.1086/711383
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    Cited by:

    1. Gabrielle Pepin, 2022. "How Would a Permanently Refundable Child and Dependent Care Credit Affect Eligibility, Benefits, and Incentives?," Public Finance Review, , vol. 50(1), pages 33-61, January.
    2. Gabrielle Pepin, 2022. "The effects of welfare time limits on access to financial resources: Evidence from the 2010s," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 88(4), pages 1343-1372, April.
    3. Natasha V. Pilkauskas & Katherine Michelmore, 2023. "Who’s Caring for the Kids? The Earned Income Tax Credit and Childcare Arrangements," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 706(1), pages 37-64, March.
    4. Kimberly McErlean & Jennifer L. Glass, 2024. "How Do Households Fare Economically When Mothers Become Their Primary Financial Support?," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 45(2), pages 395-409, June.
    5. Gabrielle Pepin, 2020. "The Effects of Child Care Subsidies on Paid Child Care Participation and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from the Child and Dependent Care Credit," Upjohn Working Papers 20-331, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
    6. Kairon Shayne D. Garcia & Benjamin W. Cowan, 2024. "Childcare Responsibilities and Parental Labor Market Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 45(2), pages 153-200, June.
    7. Nicardo S. McInnis & Katherine Michelmore & Natasha Pilkauskas, 2023. "The Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty and Public Assistance: Evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit," NBER Working Papers 31429, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Anna Godøy & Michael Reich & Jesse Wursten & Sylvia Allegretto, 2024. "Parental Labor Supply: Evidence from Minimum Wage Changes," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 59(2), pages 416-442.
    9. Natasha V. Pilkauskas & Katherine Michelmore & Nicole Kovski & H. Luke Shaefer, 2024. "The expanded Child Tax Credit and economic wellbeing of low-income families," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 37(4), pages 1-35, December.
    10. Natasha Pilkauskas & Katherine Michelmore & Nicole Kovski & H. Luke Shaefer, 2022. "The Effects of Income on the Economic Wellbeing of Families with Low Incomes: Evidence from the 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit," NBER Working Papers 30533, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

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